Author Archives: clem.law@usa.net

1949 Radio Hat

1944JuneRadioElectSeventy years ago this month, the cover of the June 1949 issue of Radio Electronics showed the very stylish and useful Radio Hat, a product of the American Merri-Lei Corporation of Brooklyn, New York. I’ve only seen one of these in person, and I was always curious as to how well it performed. The magazine put the set to a test, and declared it to be a good performer.

With a price of under $8, the editors assumed that the original market was for children. But for travelers or sports fans, the set was quite adequate for adults. The magazine reported that in New York, it pulled in all of the stations well, especially outdoors, and even performed quite well inside steel buildings. The hat weighed only 12 ounces and was adjustable. The batteries, a 22.5 volt B battery and two A batteries, were carried in a pocket and connected to the hat with a cord. An earphone was in the hat over the left ear, but it was possible to move it to the right.

The two-tube set used a 1S5 as regenerative detector, with a 3V4 amplifying the audio.  The tubes were coated in plastic to prevent them from shattering in their exposed position.

If the model wearing the hat looks familiar, it’s because she is a 15-year-old Hope Lange, who went on to become an actress, probably most familiar as Mrs. Muir in the Ghost and Mrs. Muir.  You can also read more about the Radio Hat at its Wikipedia article, which is based largely upon the Radio Electronics article.

1944JuneRadioElectschematic



1959 British One Valve Radiogram

1959JuneRadioConstrSixty years ago this month, the June 1959 issue of British magazine Radio Constructor showed how to put together this one valve radiogram.  For readers on this side of the pond, that means a one-tube radio-phono combination.  A single ECL80 dual tube served as audio amplifier for both the radio and phonograph.  A simple crystal set using a germanium diode pulled in the local stations on either long wave or medium wave.

In addition to showing how to put together the simple circuit, the magazine promised that the cabinet work would be lucidly explained so that no difficulty would be experienced, even by a beginner.  A power transformer assured safe operation, and a single DP3T switch was used to select longwave, mediumwave, or gramophone.

1959JuneRadioConstrSchematic



Radio Direction Finding

1959JuneElecWorldCoverSixty years ago this month, the June 1959 issue of Electronics World carried a good basic introduction to marine direction finding (DF).  The cover image shows a number of commercially made DF units, and the article explains how they work.

While the technology looks archaic, it actually still works quite well, and will continue to do so as long as there are AM radio stations on the air.  While commercial direction finders are no longer readily available, virtually any AM radio will work well, as long as the antenna is directional.  And if the radio has an internal loop antenna, it will be directional.

For example, the inexpensive portable shown at the right will perform very well.  (It’s available at Amazon at this link, but any other inexpensive portable will work just as well.)  You simply rotate the radio until the signal is the weakest.  At that point, the internal antenna (usually in parallel with the top of the radio) is in a straight line with a station.  You place a ruler on the map over that station’s location, and draw a line in that direction.  You repeat the process with a second station, and where the lines meet is your location.  You’ll need to orient the map, so if you don’t know what way is North, it’s a good idea to have an inexpensive compass.  And you don’t really need a ruler.  You place the map on a table oriented with the Earth–the top of the map facing North–and then use the top of the radio as your ruler.

1959JuneElecWorld

This method is surprisingly accurate.  It’s very easy to find your location within a mile, and with some practice, you’ll be able to narrow it down even more.  It’s not quite as accurate as GPS, but if GPS ever becomes unavailable for any reason, this is an excellent backup method.  The example shown at the left is typical.  By knowing the exact location of radio stations in Chicago, Milwaukee, and Benton Harbor, MI, the boat can find its location within a few hundred yards.

Radio station locations are shown on maritime and aeronautical charts.  You can also find the exact locations of AM radio stations from the FCC database.



Sparton Model 590-1 Portable, 1939

1939JuneRadioRetailing

Eighty years ago this month, the June 1939 issue of Radio Retailing carried this ad reminding dealers that they should stock up on portables for campers, collegiate-ers, picnic-ers, and swingsters.

The set shown is the Model 590-1. The superheterodyne set featued a tube lineup of 1A7G, 1N5G, 1H5G, and 1A5G, with a 35Z5GT rectifier for use at home.  The set switched automatically from household current to battery by removing the line cord.



Milwaukee Girls Make Batteries, 1944

1944June18MilwJourSeventy-five years ago, wartime labor shortages meant that critical defense industries had to be creative when it came to staffing their plants. A logical source of labor came in the form of high school students, who eagerly took up the cause of defending the nation, and getting some spending money in the process. Today, there would probably be a great deal of hand wringing if kids were sent in to work with lead and acid, but these Milwaukee teens were eager to lend a hand.

Hundreds of students, both boys and girls, ages 16 and 17, were working for the Signal Battery Co. plant. Shown above cleaning batteries are Midge Wagner (left) of 2471 Fratney St. and Patsy Lee of 3219 N. Bartlett Ave. Both girls were students at Riverside High School. Also shown testing battery current is Mary Lou Burke of 2563 N. Farwell Ave., a student at Holy Angels Academy.

Northern Michigan University has on its website an interesting 1989 oral history interview with another teen worker at the battery plant, Evelyn Cieslick. She recounts:

I worked in a battery factory, in the summer when I was 16 years old, and we filled the acid that went into the batteries to make them work, and there weren’t enough boys around, so the girls took the summer jobs…. We worked in the factory and felt that we were doing our part in, for the war, along with everything else that was involved with giving up sacrifices for the war.

I had to take a bus to get there … in the mornings and, of course, work all day long, it was a summer job, and, like I said, all of us young people felt that we were doing our part by helping out. The name of the company was the Signal Battery Company. I’m sure they were for walkie talkies, and radios … for the war.

These photos appeared 75 years ago today in the June 19, 1944 issue of the Milwaukee Journal.  These young women are about 91 years old today.  We realize that people Google their own names, and we always enjoy hearing from people we have featured.  Please leave a comment below or e-mail me at clem.law@usa.net.  If you are one of the students shown here, thank you for your service to your country!



Amateur TV, 1959

1959JunePE1Sixty years ago this month, the cover story of the June 1959 issue of Popular Electronics was all about the small but growing number of amateur radio operators on television. The 70 cm band had been allocated for TV, and pockets of hams were putting it to use.

Cameras were very expensive, and required a lot of studio lighting. So some hams were content to get on the air with a flying spot projector and slides, similar to the test device we featured earlier. An existing TV receiver was used to illuminate the slide, with a photocell picking up the image as each line was illuminated.



South American Eclipse of 2 July 2019

NASA eclipse imageIn preparation for the total solar eclipse of 2 July 2019, which will be visible in Chile and Argentina, I have updated and translated into Spanish my “Take Your Kids To See The Eclipse” page.  You can view the 2017 English version at this link.

En preparación para el eclipse solar total del 2 de julio de 2019, que será visible en Chile y Argentina, actualicé y traduje al español mi página “Lleve a sus niños a ver el eclipse”. Puedes ver la versión de 2017 en inglés en este enlace.

 

USS Squalus, 1939

1939JJune16RadioGuide

In drydock after salvage. Wikipedia photo.

This picture above appeared 80 years ago today in the June 16, 1939, issue of Radio Guide. Shown is a Washington, D.C., family gathered around the radio, obviously clinging to every word of the news announcer. They are the family of William Isaacs, who was aboard the Navy submarine U.S.S. Squalus when it sank off the coast of New Hampshire on May 23, 1939, killing 26 crew members. The remaining 33 aboard (32 crew and one civilian) were rescued. The ship was initially in contact with a companion ship by telephone line to a buoy, and the men were rescued from 243 feet of water thanks to the McCann Rescue Chamber.

The ship was eventually salvaged, and went on to serve in the Pacific during World War II as the USS Sailfish.  The ship was scrapped after the War, but the conning tower, shown here, was preserved after the war as a memorial at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard.

The family shown here eventually received good news, as Isaacs was one of the men successfully rescued from the sunken ship.



#TargetDown 2019

TargetDown

Roseville, MN, Target, 15 June 2019. OneTubeRadio.com photo.

My son and I happened to be at Target this afternoon, just in time for #TargetDown, also known as Targetgeddon.  We weren’t actually buying anything–we were waiting outside the Minute Clinic for my son’s physical for summer camp.  Suddenly, the lights in all of the checkout lanes started flashing in unison, and all of the cash registers went off line.  The company suddenly ground to a halt.  Customers, who were ready to give the store tens of thousands of dollars instead milled around the checkout lines.  My son pointed out, maybe correctly, that it was a cyber attack.

No riots broke out, and everyone seemed to take the event in stride.  But it was striking that even the smallest of transactions became impossible.  There’s no provision in place to take money from customers without the computer functioning.  According to news accounts, the outage was worldwide, meaning that the same scene was repeated in all other stores.  Some stores apparently resorted to simply locking up and calling it a day on a busy Saturday.

It hasn’t always been this way.  Back in an earlier lifetime, I managed a Radio Shack store.  One day, as sometimes happens, the power went out.  I knew that I had things in the store that people would want, so I took advantage of the situation.  I put some flashlights in the window so that people could see some light emanating from the store.  I moved other items, such as flashlights, batteries, and portable radios close to the counter.  Within minutes, people started coming in with money to buy these things.  I had record sales that evening.

Credit card imprinter. Amazon photo.

I wrote up the sales on paper receipts, and if they paid cash, I put it in the till.  If they didn’t have any cash, I took a check and put it in the till.  And even if they had a credit card, I could still run it through the trusty credit card imprinter (affectionately known as a “knuckle buster” and still available on Amazon) and process it normally.  At the end of the night, I filled out a paper deposit ticket, and dropped the deposit in the bank’s night drop.  The credit card receipts went in an envelope and were dropped in the mailbox.

In the event of an emergency, Target has a lot of things that people will need.  In addition to flashlights and batteries, they also have food.  But if the power is out or the  computers are down, they have absolutely no method in place for selling it.

When I kept the store open despite the power being out, I really didn’t think much of it.  I’ve always thought of things like electricity and computers as luxuries.  But at some point, many people started to rely upon them as necessities.  I first realized this when I heard many people assume that it was impossible to make coffee without electricity.  (This is not true, as I’ve documented at my How to Make Coffee Without Electricity page.)

But it’s more troubling when people needlessly turn them into necessities.  With just a bit of advanced planning, a retailer could continue, at the very least, to take cash for purchases.  Waffle House, for example, is famous for remaining open in the wake of emergencies.  In the process, they provide a vital service to the public, and also make a profit for themselves, a win-win situation, it seems to me.  As I saw today, that attitude is all too rare today in American business.



Clock Radios: 1959

1959JunePSSixty years ago this month, the June 1959 issue of Popular Science explained how the ubiquitous clock radio worked, using a General Electric model as the example.  This model included a sleep feature which let the radio play when going to bed.  In the morning, the radio would first come on, followed by a buzzer ten minutes later.  It also included an outlet at the back for a small appliance.

According to the magazine, the clock radio first came out in 1947, and in the previous year, 2.3 million of the sets were sold by 25 different manufacturers.

1959JunePS2