1951: AM or FM for British VHF?

Seventy-five years ago, the BBC realized that it needed to start broadcasting on VHF. The reason was simple: The mediumwave band in Europe was too crowded. But unlike America, which had been using FM on the old 42-49 MHz band, and was about to move to 88-108, Britain hadn’t decided on whether to use AM or FM modulation on the VHF band. In order to decide, they ran a test in the London area. From the same antenna, two signals would be broadcast, both carrying the same program. The transmitters are shown above, from the October 1951 issue of Radio Electronics.

Both transmitters used approximately equal power, with the AM signal going out over 93.8 MHz, with FM on 91.4.

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Direct Mail for Record Sales

Seventy-five years ago, this couple were enjoying some new records, thanks to the foresight of their local dealer, who used direct mailing to drive record sales. They were pictured in the October 1951 issue of Radio Retailing,
https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Retailing/50s/Radio-Retailing-1951-10.pdf
which noted that direct mail was an inexpensive method to reach known phono record customers.

The secret was to use mailings aimed at making people want to buy now. Ways to generate interest included free items (such as needles, record brushes, or 45 inserts) or even hosting gatherings where snacks were served.

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GE Model 7-2995 “The Searcher” 1976

Fifty years ago this month, the October 1976 issue of Field and Stream carried an ad for this interesting radio receiver, which undoubtedly appealed to the avid outdoorsman.

The GE Model 7-2995 (or 7-2995A) was a portable AM-FM receiver powered by six D-cells, so the batteries were sure to last a long time.  But it was also a scanner covering the VHF high band (150-174 MHz) for tuning in on action such as fire, police, and marine bands.  It required no crystals, as the four channels could be preset.  Undoubtedly, it was a slightly painstaking process getting them tuned in initially, but once they were set, there were no crystals to buy.  If you didn’t need AM-FM, the scanner by itself was available as the model 7-2985.  The picture of that set reveals that the tuning is accomplished by individual adjustments concealed by a small door.  So no tools were needed to adjust the tuning, although a little patience was probably helpful.

I don’t think I’ve ever seen one of these in person, but examples are available on eBay.

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1951 British 3 Tube Receiver

Seventy-five years ago, the British journal Radio Constructor showed how to put together this compact three tube–er, I mean valve–receiver for the medium wave and long wave broadcast bands. It used three 6AG5 tubes, which the author noted were readily available at government surplus stores. These days, they’re equally available on eBay.

The author, Peter T. Pitts, G3GYE, noted that the design was not fragile, and would work on any voltage 100-240 volts, AC or DC.  A six-foot wire would pull in stations anywhere in Britain, and he noted that in London, the antenna could be left coiled up.

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85 Years of TV Weather

Botany Wooly Lamb, as shown in New York PM newspaper, Oct. 15, 1941, via Tralfaz.

Today marks the 85th anniversary of the very first televised weather forecast, on October 14, 1941. It was delivered not by a human, but by a cartoon lamb, Botany Wooly Lamb, over WNBT Channel 1, broadcasting from the Empire State Building. The lamb was voiced by teenage actress Charita Bauer, who would later go on to play matriarch Bertha Bauer on The Guiding Light.

The lamb would start by gazing at the sky and singing a jingle:

It’s hot, it’s cold, it’s rain, it’s fair,

It’s all mixed up together;

But I, as Botany’s little lamb,

Predict tomorrow’s weather.

He would then star in an 80-second sketch tailored to the forecast. Since rain was forecast for October 15, Botany took an evening stroll through a park, but was held up by a masked bandit. When ordered to put his hands up, the lamb opened his umbrella instead, and a downpour drenched the mugger. After the cartoon, a slide showed the official forecast details.

Botany was the brainchild of advertising man Douglas Leigh, famous for some of the spectaculars over Times Square. Animation was by Otto Messmer, creator of Felix the Cat (the wonderful, wonderful cat).

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Discount Postage (No, Not Chinese Counterfeits)

When sending out direct mail or postcards for advertising, postage adds up fast. While most mailers simply print a meter strip or stick on standard modern stamps, there is an old-school postal secret that saves real money while making outgoing mail virtually impossible to ignore: buying vintage discount postage on eBay.

Shown above is a batch of postcards I recently mailed out for one of my Continuing Legal Education programs. One option would be to adorn each one with a mundane 65 cent stamp from the post office. Instead, I saved a little money and made the cards stand out in the morning mail with vintage stamps.

Starting in the 1940’s, many Americans decided that sheets of stamps would make a good investment. When a new issue came out, they bought a sheet and stashed it away, confident that it would finance their retirement. Unfortunately, a lot of people had the same idea. But more importantly, stamp collecting isn’t as popular as it was back in the day. So when it came time for them (or more likely, their heirs) to cash in the investment, they discovered that they hadn’t appreciated.

Fortunately, any U.S. stamp issued since the Civil War is still valid for postage, so they do have some value. But it’s generally less than the face value of the stamp, especially for small denominations. If you want to mail a letter with 82 cents postage, it’s hard to squeeze in enough one cent stamps to cover the new rate. So stamp dealers will buy them, but for significantly less than face value. Then, those dealers sell them on eBay as bulk postage.

In my case, I needed to mail a hundred postcards. So I purchased a hundred twenty-five cent stamps, and two hundred twenties. So each card got the required 65 cents with only three stamps. With a bit of creative placement, they fit easily on the card. And when the recipient gets the morning mail, it probably stands out just a little bit more than the other junk mail.

Warning: The Flood of Chinese Counterfeit “Forever” Stamps

When browsing eBay for cheap postage, you must know what you are looking at—because the marketplace is infested with illegal, counterfeit stamps.  They’re particular prevalent on Facebook Marketplace, and I think the Postal Inspectors ought to execute a search warrant at Meta headquarters to get their attention.

If you search for “Forever stamps bulk” and see rolls of 100 or 1,000 current Forever stamps sold at 50% to 70% off face value (e.g., $30 for a roll with an $80+ face value) from accounts with little philatelic feedback or generic inventory, these are almost certainly counterfeit stamps manufactured overseas in China.

The United States Postal Inspection Service has seized tens of millions of fake Forever stamps entering the country. The counterfeiters produce high-resolution copies on peel-and-stick backing that look deceptively close to authentic stamps at a glance.

Modern USPS optical scanners and sorting machinery are equipped to detect counterfeit paper, ink formulations, and missing phosphor tagging. Sometimes people get away with using counterfeits, but if you do get caught, you run the risk of having your mail confiscated and destroyed, or criminal penalties.

Real Vintage Postage vs. Chinese Fakes: How to Spot the Difference

• Denominations: Authentic vintage discount postage features specific historic face values (e.g., 20¢, 25¢, 29¢, 32¢, 37¢). Counterfeits are almost always modern “Forever” stamps or current coil rolls.

• Gum Type: Most vintage stamps have traditional water-activated gum (lick-and-stick) or early self-adhesives on original backing sheets. Fakes are cheap peel-and-stick rolls with simulated microprinting.

Legitimate postage comes from reputable philatelic dealers with decades of stamp feedback and membership in organizations like the APS. Counterfeits come from fly-by-night accounts, gadget drop-shippers, or unvetted storefronts.

Counterfeiters do not forge 1983 Nikola Tesla 20¢ stamps or 1989 North Dakota 25¢ commemoratives. The profit margins are non-existent, and the water-activated engraved paper from 40 years ago cannot be cheaply faked at scale. When you buy sheets of vintage 20-cent stamps, you are getting genuine U.S. government postage.

I bought my stamps from Henry Gitner Philatelists, a reputable dealer in New York. If you need to buy stamps for your next batch of letters (82 cents each), one possibility is to buy packs of 25-cent stamps along with a pack of 32-cent stamps. The discount price for two 25-cent stamps and one 32-cent stamp works out to about 47 cents, and shipping is included.  If those combinations are unavailable, you can search that seller’s listings for other combos that add up  to 82 cents.

Back in the day, we licked stamps and envelopes, and lived to talk about it.  On the other hand, if you have a lot of items to mail, licking 100 or 200 water-activated stamps gets old fast. A simple envelope moistener makes quick work of assembly.

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Science Fair Project: Homemade Speaker

Sixty years ago this month, the October-November 1966 issue of Radio-TV Experimenter showed how to make this homemade speaker. It suggested that it would be an excellent science fair project, aimed at the 7th or 8th grade level. In addition to building the speaker, experiments can be done comparing it to a factory-made speaker.

The article recommends that the youngster hook it up to the speaker output inside the family television set, with a gentle caution to be careful so as not to get electrocuted. These days, the required audio can be provided by the ubiquitous cell phone (giving Junior a good excuse to bring it to school) with the addition of an AUX cord with bare leads at one end.  If phones are absolutely verbotten at school, it can also be used with the school-issued Chromebook.

All that’s needed is a shoebox (the sturdier the lid the better), a toilet paper tube, and about 20 feet of #30 enamel wire.  You will also need a magnet, which might come out of a defunct speaker, or purchased.

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Hams Discover Meteor Scatter, 1946

Comet Giacobini-Zinner. Wikipedia photo. By Alexander Vasenin – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, 

We previously reported about how the phenomenon of meteor scatter was discovered in 1944, through the distant reception of short bursts of signal from FM broadcast stations on the 42-49 MHz band.  And 80 years ago tonight, hams got their first taste of what meteors were capable of.

The night of October 9, 1946, saw a spectacular astronomical show. While much of the Eastern Seaboard had cloudy conditions, areas with clear skies witnessed a meteor shower from the passage of the comet Giacobini-Zinner. For example, the Nogales (AZ) International for October 11 reported, “many Nogalians saw a spectacular display Wednesday night when hundreds of falling meteorites from the comet Giacobini-Zinner flashed across the sky. The display was said by astronomers to have been one of the greatest ever witnessed.”

Prompted by the 1944 discovery of the phenomenon, hams were ready to see what it had in store for them. And for those who tuned the six meter band that evening, they were not disappointed.

Ed Tilton, W1HDQ, wrote about that night in the World Above 50 MC in the December 1946 issue of QST:
https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-DX/QST/40s/QST-1946-12.pdf

We thought we’d seen everything! We’ve lived with temperature inversions and sporadic-E skip for years, aurora effect, with its fuzzy c.w. and unintelligible ‘phone is becoming widely recognized; the possibility of long-distance work via F2 skip is well known, and countless v.h.f. workers are on the lookout for it – but then along comes old Giacobini-Zinner and we have “ionization by cosmic dust” as a new means of v.h.f. propagation.

The display of meteors, forecast for October 9th, had been well publicized, and v.h.f. enthusiasts were on the lookout for unusual propagation conditions throughout the evening. By about
8:30 P.M. a peculiar rumble was noticeable on all 50-Mc. signals coming from beyond the horizon. Signals from points in a range from 200 to 1200 miles began to fill the 6–meter band, causing a degree of QRM never before experienced in this normally wide-open space.

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1941 Compact Transmitter

Eighty-five years ago this month, the October 1941 issue of Radio News showed how to build this compact transmitter for 10-160 meters. Band switching was accomplished with plug-in coils, and input power was about 8 watts, and it operated AM phone as well as CW. The large component in the center was the modulation transformer. A voltage-doubler circuit was used, eliminating the need for a power transformer. The 6J5 served as Pierce oscillator, with the 25B6G as amplifier. The other two tubes handled the modulation.

Since it was an AC-DC circuit, the article warned that the chassis should not be grounded.

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1941 Air Raid Alert Radio

Shown here, on the cover of Radio Craft, October 1941, are RCA President David Sarnoff (left) and New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia (right), acting in his role as National Director of Civilian Defense. War was still two months off for America, but the nation was on a defense footing, and LaGuardia is being shown an air-raid alert which could be used with existing broadcast radios. In this test, a signal was sent out from station WJZ which would sound a bell or turn on a light on the receiver. This was accomplished by sub-audible tones (30 Hz for On, 24 Hz for Off), which would trigger the alarm.

I’m not aware of this system being put into production, but the modern equivalent is the modern weather alert radio, which we have previously featured.

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