The wartime Hytron Corporation worker shown here is using a tube tester, but it’s probably a bit bigger than the one down at the drug store. She is operating a master test station for measuring various attributes of transmitting vacuum tubes. It was described in the October 1944 issue of Radio News.

A year later, the editors were undoubtedly looking for a stunning picture for the cover, so they went ahead and used it 75 years ago this month, in the October 1945 issue.

The test station had various power supplies, as well as precise measuring instruments for voltages and currents to each tube element. The nicely crafted drawers provided storage space for jumper cables and adapters. The heights and angles of all of the meters were carefully considered to avoid paralax errors.

Hytron was acquired by CBS in the 1950’s, and was a major producer of tubes under the Hytron CBS label.

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Seventy years ago, the war was over, but radios were not yet available to consumers, since production had been shut down on April 22, 1942.  Gasoline rationing had already ended, but after years of tight restrictions on both tires and gasoline, it was likely that there were a lot of car radios that weren’t seeing much use.  Therefore, it’s quite likely that many owners of car radios took the lead of the gentleman shown here, and converted the car set for use inside.  The October 1945 issue of Popular Mechanics showed how to make the relatively simple conversion.

The conversion required only a few parts.  First of all, the car’s 6-volt battery was replaced with a 4-amp filament transformer.  Since the transformer put out AC, the vibrator in the car radio was no longer necessary.  Therefore, it was simply removed and jumpered.  The car radio would have a speaker with a 6-volt dynamic coil, which wouldn’t work well with AC.  Therefore, it was simply replaced with a permanent magnet speaker.  The rectifier tube, a 0Z4, was replaced with a 6X5.  Since the set’s existing power supply filter might not be up to the job of getting rid of all of the 60 cycle hum, the article showed where a choke could be added if hum was still a problem.

The set could be housed in a new cabinet or, as shown here, in a desk drawer.

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In an earlier post, we showed an inexpensive 1940 four-tube broadcast radio for $7.95 available at Walgreen’s. A modest radio such as this one would probably stay in service until the end of the War, because on April 22, 1942, the War Production board ended the production of civilian radio receivers. So if you had a radio, that’s the one you would have for the duration.

Shown here is probably one of the least expensive prewar receivers of all. This model, the “Tiny Knight” from Allied Radio is shown here in the 1941 Allied catalog, and had a catalog price starting at $5.30. It measured 6-1/2 by 4-1/4 by 4-1/2 inches and weighed four pounds, and was billed as being something that you could hold in the “palm of your hand.” It was marketed as a second radio, or for travel: “It’s so small you can pack it into any size suit-case or overnight bag and take it along when you travel.” But it was also billed as being “so low-priced that anyone can afford it.” At the tail end of the depression, it’s likely that more than a few households had a set similar to this one as their only radio. And with the ban on the manufacture of new radios, quite a few of these sets were what many families depended upon for war news.

The set’s four tubes consisted of a 12K7GT RF amplifier, 12J7GT detector, and 50L6GT audio amplifier, with a 35Z5GT serving as the rectifier. It tuned as high as 1720 kHz, making it capable of picking up police calls in many areas.

This set was a TRF (tuned radio frequency) receiver. On the same page, Allied showed its least expensive superhet, a five-tube model starting at $8.30.

The four-tube set was Allied model B10509 or B10510, depending on the cabinet.

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Photo courtesy of John Schneider and Bay Area Radio Museum. Used with permission.

Seventy five years ago, this date’s issue of Radio Guide magazine concluded a two-part feature on GE’s short wave station KGEI.  Part 1 appeared in the August 31, 1940 issue, and part two appeared on September 7.

The station was owned and operated by General Electric and went on the air in San Francisco in March 1939. Short wave broadcasting was not new to GE. It first put a short wave signal on the air with station W2XAF in Schenectady, New York. That station later became WGEO. The next year, another transmitter was installed at the same site with call letters W2XAD, later WGEA. By 1940, WGEO was transmitting with 100,000 watts and was the world’s most powerful station. The two stations were popular with listeners in Europe and Latin America.

Golden Gate International Exposition, 1939-40. Wikipedia image.

By 1940, KGEI was running 20,000 watts, but there were plans to increase it to 50,000. The Schenectady stations operated on 9.53, 15.33, and 21.5 MHz. KGEI broadcast on 9.67 and 15.33 MHz, and provided an additional signal to Latin America as well as Asia and Oceania. The station, both studio and transmitter, was part of GE’s exhibit at the Golden Gate International Exposition, and was located on Treasure Island, between San Francisco and Oakland. The Island was also to serve as a terminus for Pan American‘s Clipper ships, and the station was used to promote Pan American as well as GE. According to the article, “one of the most interesting and colorful programs is ‘Clipper Departure.’ This program is a dockside complementary describing the actual departure of the China Clipper for Hawaii, Guam and points westward. The captain and various members of the crew of the Clipper are interviewed, each contributing some bit about the interesting aerial journeys to and fro across the Pacific. Passengers ready to embark give their reactions as they prepare to set forth on their fascinating trip. The program concludes with the roar of the Clipper’s motors as it moves down the ramp and into the bay off to Hawaii on the first leg of its voyage to Manila and Hong Kong.”

THe station had a studio on the Exposition grounds, and it also carried network programming, such as Burns and Allen, Bing Crosby, and the Don Ameche Show.

Photo courtesy of John Schneider and Bay Area Radio Museum. Used with permission.

The picture at the top of the page was taken in late 1939, and bears the KGEI call letters.  The picture of the transmitter and enclosed studio at the left was taken earlier in the year and shows the W6XBE call sign.  The public was allowed to be in the same room as the 50 kW transmitter, separated only by a flimsy guardrail.

After the Exposition, the station continued operation.  During the War, it remained under GE’s control, but at the request of the Government, did carry programming that was recommended.

The station was widely listened to, especially in the Phillipines. Many resistance fighters listened to the station,, which included broadcast in Tagalog. In 1954-55, the station carried broadcasts from Stanford University, billed as “The International University of the Air.” During that period, the University received 12,000 letters from listeners in Latin America.

In 1960, the station was acquired by the Far East Broadcasting Company, a religious broadcaster. Even though FEBC operated other stations in Asia and the Pacific, KGEI was directed mostly to Latin America, billing itself as La Voz de la Amistad (The Voice of Friendship). During the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, the station once again put under Government control. In fact, a Cuban listener wrote to the station in 1962, and his letter included the exact positions and descriptions of Russian missile sites. This hadn’t been publicized in the world press yet, but KGEI decided to reproduce this interesting letter in one of its fundraising letters. Unbenknownst to KGEI, that mailing list included the CIA, which hastily arranged a meeting and asked that such letters be made available to them prior to making them public.

A few months later, presidential Press Secretary Pierre Salinger called and informed the station that the President was requesting use of the station to rebroadcast the VOA. The station was reluctant, since it valued its voice as being independent of the U.S. Government. But FEBC was eventually convinced of the need to “volunteer” the station, and it carried VOA programming during the crisis.

KGEI remained on the air until 1994. The original 50 kW GE transmitter was donated to another Christian organization organization for use in Liberia. However, it was destroyed by rebels prior to going on the air. The station’s then main transmitter, capable of 250 kW, was donated to another organization for use in broadcasting to Russia from Alaska.

Acknowledgment

I would like to thank John Schneider and the Bay Area Radio Museum for allowing me to use the photos shown on this page, and for providing much of the information for this post.  More information about KGEI can be found on the Museum’s website.

References 

• History of KGEI at Bay Area Radio Museum
• West Coast Shortwave Broadcasting
• KGEI History

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