1923 Safety Tip

1923NovPSThis illustration appeared in Popular Science a hundred years ago this month, November 1923. And it’s still not bad advice. We sometimes say that when doing electrical work, among other precautions, you should keep one hand in your pocket. If one hand inadvertently comes in contact with high voltage, you don’t want to be touching a metallic object with the other hand, because the current will pass through your heart.

The light switch you’re flipping today is UL Listed, and nothing could possibly go wrong, right? We’re sure for the Chinese manufacturer, your safety is the paramount concern. But still, it’s not a bad idea to make sure you’re not touching anything else when you reach for a light switch, or anything else that’s potentially energized.



1973 Homemade Christmas Gifts

1973NovPM1Times might be tough, and during tough times, even Santa Claus requires a little bit of help. Fifty years ago, America was going through some tough times, thanks to the Arab Oil Embargo.
Help, in the form of the WIN Button, wouldn’t be available until the following year.

For some Americans, if there were to be Christmas presents under the tree, then they would1973NovPM2 have to make them themselves. Fortunately, the November 1973 issue of Popular Mechanics showed how to make some great gifts for the entire family, using simple materials, with modest skills.

The earrings shown at right, for example, are carved from either wood or plexiglass. In fact, most of the designs shown in the magazine were two-dimensional, meaning they could simply be cut with a jigsaw, and then sanded.

1973NovPM3

The youngsters would enjoy either the pull-toys or the wooden trucks shown below.

 

What girl wouldn’t love the toy kitchen set shown below, all crafted with love by Dad in his wood shop.  And to help Junior brush up on his numbers from 1 through 5, this entertaining device shown at the bottom of the page could be built, and Junior could plug it in to any 120 volt household outlet. When a button (switches from refrigerator doors were recommended), a Christmas-tree light would illuminate the corresponding number. Junior 1973NovPM6would have hours of fun, would have a solid understanding of the numbers 1 through 5, and Mom and Dad could laugh at OPEC for trying to steal Junior’s happy Christmas.

1973NovPM51973NovPM4



Expedient Phono Cartridge: 1943

1943NovRadioCraftEighty years ago, wartime parts shortages meant you couldn’t just walk into the store and buy parts for your radio or phonograph. Occasionally, substitutions were necessary, and they sometimes required a bit of ingenuity to make them work.

Such was the case for one John J. Leap of New York City, who sent this idea in to the publishers of Radio Craft, where it was published in the November 1943 issue. The pickup on his phonograph had gone bad, and the replacement was unobtainium. Therefore, he made his own, using a headphone and the reproducer from an old mechanical phonograph.

The stylus was soldered to the diaphragm of the headphone, which was used in the place of the original mica piece in the reproducer. The combined unit was then mounted to the original tone arm.

The editors of the magazine decided to duplicate the idea, and they found it to give good results both in quality and volume.



Ergonomic 1938 Radio

1938NovPSThis young woman is now a centenarian, but in November 1938, she was shown in that month’s issue of Popular Science showing off the latest in ergonomic radio receivers. This pushbutton set (the brand name of which is not shown) could be used in two configurations. With the radio sitting on one side, the controls were handy to those who were seated. But tipped up, the radio was easily tuned by a person standing.



Happy Halloween!

1923Oct31OmahaBeeOn Halloween a hundred years ago, if you were in Omaha, you could use the occasion to buy a phonograph for your family at the Burgess-Nash Company.  While you were there, you could get your Halloween dinner for 65 cents.  Or, if you were on a budget, you could get a lunch of chicken a la king in the mezzanine for 35 cents.

The ad appeared in the Omaha Bee, October 31, 1923.



Wigwag Signaling

1963OctBLSixty years ago this month, the October 1963 issue of Boys’ Life magazine showed Scouts the art of wigwagging, which is the “other” method of sending a message with signal flags. The most common method, semaphore, uses two flags, and each letter is sent by holding the flags in a certain position. Wigwag, on the other hand, uses a single flag, and uses Morse code. For a dot, the flag is waved in a figure eight to the sender’s right. The dash is formed by waving the flag to the sender’s left.

For a break between letters, the flag is held upright. After each word, the flag is held down.



The Importance of Owning a Radio

File:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 10.jpg

Gaza, 2023. Wikimedia image.

We’ll refrain from taking sides for the moment. (We definitely have a side, which we’ll undoubtedly explain later), but the the recent headlines from the Israel-Gaza war highlight the importance of having, at a minimum, some sort of radio receiver as part of your preparations for disaster.

According to this news report, the cutoff of telephone and internet service in Gaza means that “for those who have them, radios have become the sole link to the outside world.”  Even though I’ve come to expect it, the words “for those who have them” highlights a fundamental misunderstanding that much of the public has.  They have, in their pocket, a device that will bring them all of the information in the world.  So perhaps it’s not surprising that an inferior device, a simple AM-FM radio receiver, is viewed as not necessary.

But as the current situation in Gaza makes clear, your receipt of information via the internet depends upon the kindness of strangers.  If the internet is cut off, then so is your source of information.  But in the meantime, hundreds of radio signals, some of which contain reliable information, are landing at your feet.  You simply need a receiver to pick them up.

To get some idea of what you would be able to hear on a radio in the Middle East, this link goes to an internet-connected receiver in Kuwait,  and this link goes to one in Cyprus, which seems to be the closest one available.  But most of the strong medium wave stations you hear on that receiver could also be picked up in Gaza  at night.  And if you tune the shortwave dial, there are many more stations available.  Undoubtedly, some of the stations you pick up will be filled with propaganda.  But reliable information is available from sources such as the BBC.

In short, you needn’t be in a total information blackout, but it requires some minimal preparation.  An inexpensive shortwave receiver like the one shown here would let you know what’s going on in the outside world, no matter how much the other side tries to cut you off.  It doesn’t draw much current, so a box of batteries would keep it running more or less indefinitely.  And there are also many solar and hand crank radios available.

And even if you don’t prepare, remember that most cell phones sold in the United States include an FM receiver, which doesn’t require any kind of connectivity.

Incidentally, it’s interesting that the article equates listening to the radio for news with burning furniture for heat.  I wonder if they got that idea from us.



Postal Zones Introduced: 1943

1943OctNRNEighty years ago, the U.S. Post Office Department introduced postal zone numbers in the 124 American cities shown here. These were the predecessors of the ZIP Code, introduced 20 years later in 1963.

The number was written after the city, but before the state. When the ZIP code was introduced, these zone numbers became the last two digits of the ZIP.

This list appeared in the October 1943 issue of National Radio News, which reminded readers to use add the code 9 between “Washington” and “D.C.” when mailing lessons and other items to the National Radio Institute.



1938 Desktop Calculator

1938OctPracMechIf you needed a desktop calculator 85 years ago, you couldn’t go wrong with the one described in the October 1938 issue of the British magazine Practical Mechanics.

It was a literal desktop calculator, since you affixed it to your desk. It consisted of three logarithmic scales, and could perform multiplication and division, and even square roots. To multiply, you placed your straightedge on the numbers on the outer scales. At the point where it crossed the middle scale, that was the product.

You could use any ruler, but the magazine recommended as the best option a strip of celluloid. You would carefully score a line down the middle, fill it with ink, and then polish away the excess ink.

With practice, the calculator was accurate out to three figures.



1953 One-Tube Novice Receiver

1953OctRadioNewsSeventy years ago this month, the October 1953 issue of Radio News showed how to build this one-tube regenerative receiver, especially designed for the Novice. It used a single 6SN7 dual tube, which served as regenerative detector and audio amplifier.

The previous month’s issue of the magazine had showed a companion transmitter and power supply, and the receiver used that same power supply. Since the power supply was regulated, the receiver was extremely stable, and the article pointed out that a crystal-controlled signal sounded like it was crystal controlled, unlike many regenerative receivers, where you couldn’t really tell the difference.

1953OctRadioNews2