Two Tube Broadcast Receiver: 1951

1951MayPM

Seventy years ago, this gentleman was pulling in a program on the standard broadcast band with headphones, but in the following months, he would be able to listen to the shortwaves with loudspeaker volume. He is shown here listening to the first iteration of a progressive receiver featured in the May 1951 issue of Popular Mechanics. In coming months, additions would be made to the set to allow shortwave reception and loudspeaker operation.

The set was battery powered, and the magazine pointed out that there were a number of good reasons for putting together a battery set. The most important reason was having a set capable of operation independent of the power lines for civil defense purposes. The circuit was also simpler and saved having to deal with baffling power supply troubles.

This version of the set used a 1U4 tube as regenerative detector followed by a 3V4 audio amplifier. An indoor antenna and ground could be used for local statioms, but an outdoor antenna would be best for long distances. “With a battery-operated emergency receiver of this description, you are not cut off from outside news and vital civil-defense information should local power sources fail. Most of us do not realize how important this could be.” You would, of course, need to keep fresh batteries on hand. The circuit called for flashlight batteries for the filament, and a 45 volt battery supplying the B+.

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1921: First Radio Fog Signals in NY Harbor

1921May8NewYorkTribuneA hundred years ago today, May 1, 1921, navigation in New York Harbor became a safer proposition thanks to being equipped with a system of radio warning signals aiding navigation. Lighthouses and light ships had long been present, but they were of very limited usefulness in foggy conditions. Therefore, the lighthouse at Sea Girt, NJ, as well as the light ships Ambrose and Fire Island were equipped with powerful radio beacons.

Official notices had been made to mariners, and many vessels were already equipped with radio compasses in the form of a rotatable loop attached to the receiver. The beacon would identify in Morse, and the bearing could be fixed to within one degree.

Radio had been in operation on the Fire Island for some time, as we recounted previously. That ship was equipped with both a wireless transmitter and a bell. By measuring the time between reception of the radio signal and the bell, distance could be accurately measured.  The Sea Girt lighthouse, however, was the first land-based radio fog beacon in the U.S.

This description of the system appeared in the New York Tribune, May 8, 1921.



Iowa Scouts Build Car: 1921

1921AprPM2Shown here, in the April 1921 issue of Popular Mechanics are members of Boy Scout Troop 2 of Maxwell, Iowa. While it probably wouldn’t comply with the current edition of the Guide to Safe Scouting, the scouts put together this automobile.

The gears, frame, and axles came from different makes of cars, but they managed to put them together in a perfectly serviceable fashion. The power plant was a damaged stationary engine (or we should say, formerly stationary) which they acquired for $10. The engine was bolted to an old automobile wheel, which transmitted the power to a long shaft, which was in turn geared to a normal drive shaft.

“Speed was sacrificed in favor of reliability,” and the vehicle was capable of 10 miles per hour. The car had recently made a round trip to the Iowa State Fair, where it was said to have created a sensation.



1921 Grocery Prices

1921Apr29PghPressHere’s a snapshot of grocery prices a hundred years ago today, courtesy of the April 29, 1921, issue of the Pittsburgh Press.

While these prices look like a bargain, there’s been a lot of inflation in the last hundred years. According to this inflation calculator, each 1921 dollar is the equivalent of $14.80 in today’s money. So the can of Campbell’s Chicken Noodle Soup for a dime sounds like a bargain, but that’s the same as $1.48 today. A pound of butter is only 50 cents, but that’s the same as $7.40 today.



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1941 Harmonica Microphone

Screen Shot 2021-04-05 at 1.42.10 PMEighty years ago, if you needed room filling volume from your Harmonica, there was no need for additional lung power. Instead, you could move up to the next level with electronic amplification, courtesy of this microphone shown in the April 1941 issue of Popular Mechanics. As shown here, your kids will be delighted at the prospect of this musical entertainment.

The microphone was designed to plug into the phono jack of a radio, and up to five could be wired in parallel for your next harmonica quintet performance.  The microphone was also suitable for guitar, violin, piano, and many wind instruments.  It was manufactured by the Amperite Company, then of 561 Broadway, New York.



Radio Repairman, 1941

1941AprNrnEighty years ago, the radio repairman was a heroic figure, as shown by this illustration on the cover of the April-May 1941 issue of National Radio News.  While the lady of the house and faithful canine companion look on, he is getting this set back into operating condition.

Perhaps he had to replace a tube, or perhaps he was resetting the set’s pushbuttons.  This was necessary since the FCC had just changed the frequencies of most U.S. radio stations on March 29, 1941.  An article in the magazine included a timely feature going into detail on the circuits involved.



1921 25 Cent Crystal Set

1921AprRadioNews1A hundred years ago this month, the April 1921 issue of Radio News showed how to build this simple receiver, said to have a cost of only 25 cents. Tuning was accomplished with a variable capacitor consisting of aluminum plates separated by waxed paper. By compressing the plates, the capacitance was changed.

The magazine lamented that there were probably thousands of lads who looked wistfully at the catalogs, only to be discouraged by the high prices. The thought was that if they got a chance to listen in with this inexpensive set, they would be sold on the idea of radio and would soon figure out a way to put together a more impressive station.

Accroding to the magazine, almost every town had a good amateur station holding court on 200 meters, and receiving them even with this simple crystal set would be a simple matter.

I have no doubt that the parts shown here could be had for a quarter. The problem, however, is that the prospective radio ham would still need a headphone with which to connect the set. Looking through the magazine, the least expensive was $4.50, or about $66 in today’s money, according to this inflation calculator.

Those headphones, of course, would still be good when the listener was bit by the radio bug and upgraded to a better set. But the cost of entry to the hobby was $4.75, and not the 25 cents promised by the magazine.



1971 Grocery Prices

1971Apr25PghPressHere’s a snapshot of grocery prices fifty years ago in 1971, from this ad for Shop ‘n Save Supermarkets in the April 25, 1971, issue of the Pittsburgh Press.  From most browsers, you can click twice on the image above for a larger image.

While these prices might look like bargains, there has been a lot of inflation in a half century. According to this inflation calculator, the 1971 dollar is equivalent to $6.54 in 2021 dollars. So the eggs at 39 cents a dozen are the equivalent of $2.55 in today’s money.



1941 Electrical Science Fair Ideas

1941AprilPSbuzzerIf Junior wants to take home the Blue Ribbon in the science fair, there’s plenty of inspiration to be found in the April 1941 issue of Popular Science. Some of these ideas might look difficult to some kids today, but the smart students will realize that they are really quite simple. One or more of these ideas is sure to impress the judges.

The idea shown above is a simple buzzer. When the battery is connected, the electromagnet pulls the strip of metal away from the screw. This breaks the contact, and the strip snaps back into place, and the whole process is repeated.

1941AprilPSthermostatShown at left is a simple thermostat.  It’s made of a strip of iron and a strip of copper or brass, bolted together.  When the temperature changes, they expand or contract unequally, causing it to bend to one side.  Simply add an electrical contact at just the right spot, and a circuit will turn on or off at a given temperature.

The self-explanatory experiment to the right uses a thin strip of foil to demonstrate1941AprilPSfuse how a fuse works.  Simply cut it narrow enough so that it blows when a short-circuit is applied.

The experiment shown below is similar to one we featured recently.  It uses a transformer designed to convert 120 volts to 6 volts, but shows that the process can be reversed to change a low voltage to a high voltage.  As in the experiment we showed earlier, a wire is run along a file to create a pseudo-alternating current at the low voltage.

1941AprilPStransformer

The final experiment is also similar to one we’ve shown previously.  A homemade microphone is made by balancing a pencil lead on two razor blades.

1941AprilPSmicrophone

Even though all of these experiments use the old-school large dry cells, they will work just as well with alkaline D cells.  The hookup will be easier if you purchase battery holders.  And don’t forget some wire.

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1941 Radiola Ad

1941AprilRSDEighty years ago this month, the April 1941 issue of Radio Service Dealer carried this ad from RCA reminding servicemen that Radio radios could sell themselves. It suggested, for example, that when bringing a set into the shop, they could leave behind a model such as the Radiola 515, a six-tube set retailing for $24.95. While it was there, customers would discover the convenience of a second set that they could easily carry from room to room. And, of course, since the set pulled in the shortwaves, the customers would be able to listen to the latest war news direct from Europe.

Also shown was the Model 510 in striking molded plastic, and the model P-5 three-way portable. The multiband set is being shown off by Eugenia Lincoln “Jinx” Falkenburg, America’s number 1 model, who went on to have a radio show with her husband Tex, undoubtedly heard over many Radiolas, after the war.

The ad mentions that the serviceman might be in the customer’s home to set the pushbuttons on the radio. This is because on March 29, 1941, most North American radio stations changed frequency. Sets with pushbutton tuning would need the buttons reset to the new frequencies.