Category Archives: Radio history

Skid Row Radio: 1960

SkidRowRadioIn the early 1960s, the City of Minneapolis decided to engage in some urban renewal, which consisted of razing most of the Gateway district, also known as Skid Row.  The area contained many hotels and boarding houses occupied largely by middle aged and older men who were or had been laborers.

One of the accommodations was the Pioneer Hotel, a “cage hotel,” meaning that the individual rooms were made of plywood, with chicken wire serving as the ceiling.  Before the area was torn down, the City of Minneapolis decided to document conditions by taking photographs.  In the process, the Pioneer Hotel became one of the most photographed flophouses in History.

SkidRowRadioZoomThe city photos include the one shown above, taken in 1960, from the collections of the Minnesota Historical Society.   The room was small, but it was this gentleman’s home until the city tore it down.  On the dresser is what appears to be the most valuable possession shown in the room, a radio.  It’s shown zoomed in at the left.  It is a Silvertone model 9280, manufactured for Sears in about 1949 or 1950.

The 5 tube portable (Two 1U4s, a 1R5, and a 3V4, plus selenium rectifier) ran on either AC or batteries. It appears to be plugged in to the single lamp socket near the window, and it’s unlikely that the owner spent much of his money on B batteries.

The ten year old set was probably a pretty good performer, as it contained one RF stage in addition to the normal superhet lineup.  You can see the same model radio playing at the following video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbYF5FH3LsQ

 



1939 Code Practice Oscillator

1939AugPMCPO1The young man shown here is brushing up on the International Morse Code thanks to the simple code practice oscillator described in the  August 1939 issue of Popular Science.

The one-tube unit, containing a 12A7, ran directly off the line cord, with a 300 ohm line cord resistor dropping the filament voltage.  A power switch and pitch control on the front panel meant that he could start practicing at any time.

1939AugPMCPOschematic



Dixie-Fixit Radio Hospital, Lima, Ohio, 1944

1944AugNatRadioNewsShown here, in the August-September 1944 issue of National Radio News are Richard and Amy Feil of Dixie-Fixit Radio Hospital, Lima, Ohio. The shop was strictly service, and handled the radio maintenance for sixteen dealers, including department stores and auto dealers. The shop efficiently handled a large volume thanks to its systematic procedure. When sets came in, they weree given a ticket, and went onto a shelf in the order received. Next, the chassis was removed from the cabinet, and each was moved to the next shelf. When finished, they moved to a third shelf.

The sets were serviced strictly in the order received, and if the shelves were full, the shop was closed to new sets. Service was promised within 1-2 weeks.

The shop also had a three bay garage where auto sets were serviced.



1939 One Tube Shortwave Regen

1939AugPSsw1939AugPS5If you had put together this minimalist little shortwave set when it was published in Popular Science in August 1939, you would have been able to use it to pull in the news of the beginning of World War II the next month.

The little set is simplicity itself. It uses a single 1E7G tube, a dual pentode.  Half is used as regenerative detector, with the other half serving as audio amplifier.  There are only three controls on the front panel:  The tuning dial, regeneration control (with on-off switch built in) and another potentiometer for adjusting filament voltage.  The voltage was a compromise, since the RF section needed slightly less voltage than the audio amplifier, but there was still plenty of volume left to drive the headphones and pull in the war news.

1939AugPSswschematic



1944 Canadian Scouting Reminiscences

1944AugManitobaCallingShown here is Canadian Boy Scout Frank Lay, of the 67th Winnipeg (St. Aidan’s) Troop. He is featured on the cover of the August 1944 issue of Manitoba Calling, the monthly program guide of CKY Winnipeg, and sister station CKX in Brandon, Manitoba.

The entire issue of the magazine paid tribute to the value of Scout training for Citizenship. It noted that while scouting was designed as peace training, the organization had a fine record in its services to the war effort. At least 100,000 members of the Armed Forces had been Scouts. Indeed, of the 63 Victoria Crosses awarded to date, eight were won by former Scouts.

The magazine includes the reminiscences of W.F. “Bill” Seller, the manager of station CKX. The magazine calls him probably the veteran of all old Scouts in Canada, as he was a member of one of the earliest troops, in fact the first official troop formed in London. It noted that when Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited Winnipeg in 1935, they met with Seller and exchanged reminiscenses of the early days of Scouting in England.

Here is the full text of Seller’s article:

Early Days in the Boy Scouts
By W. F. SELLER (Manager CKX)

Robert Baden-Powell at the first Scout encampment on Brownsea Island held in August 1907. Wikipedia image.

In August, 1907, two men, an orderly and 20 boys pitched tents and hoisted a Union Jack on Brownsea Island, near my home at Poole, Dorset, England. The leader of the party, General Baden-Powell with a friend (Major MacLaren), was making his first experiment in teaching English lads the scouting games he had learned himself as a boy and had used to such good advantage in South Africa, to test his idea of an organization for boys.

The twenty boys were gathered from several sources, from Eton and Harrow and from elementary schools; from the homes of the aristocracy and from the fisherman’s cottage. The troop was divided into four Patrols–each with a leader, Curlews – Ravens -Wolves -and Bulls. From morning till night they were busy learning to live in the open, to cook their own meals, to develop their powers of observation and above all to cultivate comradeship.

Canadian Scouts training for the Fireman's badge, 1944.

Canadian Scouts training for the Fireman’s badge, 1944.

Baden-Powell taught them how to follow trails, how to find a few grains of Indian corn in an acre of heather and how to hide and find messages in trees. Then, too, there were organized games and bathing and all the time these twenty boys were unconsciously acquiring habits of self control, fair play and manliness; in other words, the underlying principles of the Boy Scout Movement. The evenings were topped off with the group gathering round the campfire listening to thrilling stories, bird calls, lessons on stalking and singing, all led by “The Chief “.

By the end of two weeks Baden-Powell had proved that his scheme was sound to the core and he settled down to launch it upon the world. Its value was soon realized, the movement grew and Baden-Powell not only became a hero to but beloved by boys throughout the world.

It was not my good fortune to be in on the experimental camp but a cousin of mine was and his glowing accounts of Baden-Powell and his ideas fired a small group of us with enthusiasm, so in 1908 after purchasing one of the first issues of “Scouting for Boys“, we decided to become Boy Scouts. There was no local organization, we just got together, ten of us, using a shack at the bottom of the garden for our “club house “. We met Thursday nights and Saturday afternoons. There were no uniforms at first and then we were able to buy Scout supplies and started to become real Scouts. This, too, was tough, it was all so new.

1909ScoutUniform

1909 uniform, scouts.org.uk image.

For the first few weeks after getting our shorts, shirts, hats and shoes, etc., we used to carry the stuff up to the woods, change under the rhododendron bushes, practise our scouting and then in native’s dressing rooms change back again and amble off home.

After a while we decided that this would not do: if we were going to be Scouts we should be proud of the fact, and so we went one step farther and we changed into uniform in the shack and all marched in patrol formation to our scouting practises. For a time we had to take the public taunts of other boys whose ideas of sport were not always satisfied with wordy insults, but were backed up with sticks, stones and sometimes eggs!

Paying Their Way

1909 Crystal Palace Scout Rally. Wikipedia photo.

Soon, however, we had two patrols of ten each and we looked for a scoutmaster and rented accommodation in one of the schools. To pay the rent, we each donated a few coppers each week to the club funds. If one could afford six -pence o.k., if only a penny, again o.k. But often when rent day came around funds were inadequate, so instead of “scouting” on the Saturday afternoon, we would all go out and hunt up odd jobs, running errands, digging gardens, cutting lawns, etc. Everyone brought in whatever he had earned to the common funds and it worked. Came the day when we had three patrols and could officially qualify as a “troop “. We applied for a Charter and Troop Flag, which was presented to us at a special ceremony at Canford Manor by Lady Wimborne and so we became the first troop of Boy Scouts in the world, registered as the 1st Parkstone Troop, afterward Lady Baden Powell’s own. We attended the first scout rally which was held at the Crystal Palace, London.  15,000 I believe were present, and we were impressed by the size of the old Crystal Palace, when due to rain the march past was held entirely under glass. The following year we attended the rally at Windsor Castle and later one at Birmingham. This last, numbering close to 200,000, was made most interesting for us by the presence in our troop of a prince of the royal house of Ethiopia, dressed in his native costume, one of the sons of Haille Selassi. The lad, about 13, had stowed away on a liner leaving his country for Great Britain and had to remain in England until dignataries from Ethiopia could arrive and return with him in befitting splendour. He was sent to our home town and in despair the gentleman responsible for his care asked our troop to share the responsibility and many were the interesting episodes provided by this young man.

1944AugManitobaCallingSellerI believe the troop justified its membership in the great brotherhood of scoutdom. Our ambulance patrol was on duty at most public functions and a sports gathering including the first flying meet ever held. This was at Bournemouth, and during this meet the pioneer A. V. Rowe was killed in a vol-planing competition. [Louis] Bleriot, the first man to fly the English Channel, was there and we also saw [Hubert] Latham flying one of the first monoplanes, a crazy looking contraption with the appearance of an over -developed kite. We had the first King’s Scouts and the first Silver Wolf; won many district and national trophies, and had a good time doing it, with clean keen competition and the joy of contest rather than conquest being strongly stressed.

I could ramble on like all pioneers, to tell you of the time when camping, the troop saved a group of cottages from destruction by forest fire, the time a boat -load of us were nearly drowned but for the timely rescue of the Coast Guards, the course of home nursing undertaken by some of the boys, the concerts we ran, the bazaars we organized to rase our own funds.

“B.P.’s” Marriage

I could tell how we got news of Baden-Powell’s wedding at St. Peter’s Church, Parkstone, and were able to turn out in time to salute him and his bride.

We were very fortunate that Baden – Powell had selected our district for his experiment and that he chose a lady from our home town for his bride, for as a result, we enjoyed many informal visits and interesting evenings at our club rooms with the Chief himself. Many members of that first troop of Scouts are living in Canada and most of that same troop served in the first World War. We all carry pleasant memories of the wonderful experiences we had as Scouts and one of my prized possessions is the old Scout shirt resplendent with badges, all-round cords and service stars, together with the scarf and many pictures that are now historical but unfortunately not good enough for reproduction.



1919 Mobile Radiotelephone

1919AugRadioAmateurNewsShown here a hundred years ago this month, on the cover of the August 1919 issue of Radio Amateur News, is Alfred H. Grebe.  The magazine contains an article by the radio pioneer about his experiments with mobile radio.  He found that the radiotelephone set mounted in the car worked well, and that 150 meters gave the best results.  The transmitter was of the latest design, and the receiver was a regenerative set with a variometer.  While it was still at the experimental stage and no definitive measurements were made, he did note that both ship and land stations within a few hundred miles were heard.  Even with shielding, the spark plugs of his car limited the range, and the interference from other cars could be heard for quite some distance.

Grebe was involved in the beginnings of WCBS radio, and when he died in 1935 at the age of 40, his obituary appeared in the New York Times.



Simple Modification to Receive CW: Zenith 6B16BT

Finished-11944AugQSTSeventy five years ago, Capt. William W. Orr, stationed somewhere overseas with the U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps,  had a Zenith Model 6B16BT receiver similar or identical to the one shown above, but no way to listen to Morse Code transmissions with it.  The set covered the standard broadcast band and 2.3 – 22 MHz shortwave, but the set was intended for listening to broadcast programs, and didn’t contain a Beat Frequency Oscillator (BFO) for listening to Morse Code.  If there hadn’t been a war going on, adding a BFO would have been a relatively straightforward proposition of building a one-tube oscillator running near the set’s IF frequency of 455 kHz.  But as Capt. Orr points out, he was “unable to secure the parts needed for building one.”

Instead, he came up with a solution elegant in its simplicity.  It is shown here from Hints & Kinks in the August 1944 issue of QST.  He turned the IF into a regenerative stage by adding a “gimmick” capacitor to provide feedback.  This consisted of nothing more than two short pieces of wire, sticking out the back of the set.  It wasn’t even necessary to solder the wires.  One was stuck into the socket for the plate pin, and the other one to the grid pin.  To copy CW, the wires were moved close to one another.  For listen to voice programs, the wires were moved apart.

Interestingly, the Knight Star Roamer receiver later used a similar method for copying CW.  To copy CW, feedback was switched in to the IF stage to make it go into oscillation.

He used a similar trick to turn the set into a code practice oscillator.  The key was hooked between the speaker transformer and the phono input.  When the key was pressed, the resulting feedback could be used to generate the code.

I would like to thank Dave McClellan for providing the image of the beautifully restored Zenith receiver shown above.   You can read about his restoration and see more pictures at this link.



1944 Radio Rentals

1944AugRadioServiceDealerShown here in the August 1944 issue of Radio Service Dealer magazine is the proprietor of Acme Radio Service Co., 880 Third Avenue, New York, NY.

Before the war, he got half of his business from repairs and the balance from sales and rentals. But there were no new sets to be sold, and labor shortages made service problematic. So he focused on rentals to the point where they represented 75% of his business. He acquired used sets, refurbished them, and put them into circulation.

He did this by canvassing all of the hotels within ten square blocks. He managed to place ads in rooms and elevators, but his real success came from the fact that he paid a flat $1 commission to the clerk or bellboy who made the sale. For the bellboy especially it was a lucrative proposition, since when he delivered the set and plugged it in, he was probably going to get an additional tip. Hotels were packed, and it became a very lucrative part of his business.

Good record keeping was key, and the magazine offered some suggestions. The article suggested that a set could be rented out for an average of 100 days per year at an average rental of $1 per day. The magazine noted that the resulting $100 was “many, many times over the original cost of the average midget or table model radio that would be used for rental.”



1939 Portables

1939AugRadioRetailing2Eighty years ago, portable radio receivers were all the rage, as shown by the pages of the August 1939 issue of Radio Retailing.

Above, for example, these listeners are happily pulling in a program as they travel in luxury aboard an all-metal Pullman car, thanks to the Zenith portable with detachable antenna.  The magazine notes that many consumers are amazed by the sensitivity of portables, even though just a few years earlier, portables were lacking in pickup.  The set shown here appears to be a 5G500, which included a detachable “wave magnet” antenna to pull in stations in difficult situations such as an all-metal car.

And below, New York dealer Haynes-Griffin put together this window display featuring a Westinghouse portable.  The magazine noted that the simple backdrop, artificial grass, two summer hats, and a bag gave the scene a human interest.

1939AugRadioRetailing3

 



1944 Radio Hospital

1944AugRadioRetailing

When “Dr.” Ernest C. Augsten entered the radio business in Hartford, CT, in about 1938, he realized that there were so many others in the field that he had to make himself stand out. So he decided to try a different angle, and make his shop at 714 Maple Avenue a Radio Hospital.

The dealership was featured in the August 1944 issue of Radio Retailing, which revealed that he employed one Nurse, his wife, who received the patients and maintained their records. His two interns assisted in operations.

Dr. Augsten wore a stethoscope, which he used on occasion in diagnosing a set. The article also explained how a hypodermic needle (filled with carbon tetrachloride) was used for cleaning a dirty part, and a scalpel was used for jobs such as loudspeaker repair. The ambulance was largely grounded for the duration, due to wartime gas and tire rationing. But before the war, when the ambulance was sent out to pick up a set, it was typically carried out in a stretcher.

This usually caused a crowd to gather, and invariably a member of that crowd had a set at home in need of repair.

Dr. Augsten had been licensed as a ham as early as 1924, as shown by this callbook listing, with callsign 1BFU.

Interns Cliff Islieb and Russ Johnston working on patients with a hypodermic syringe and scalpel.

Interns Cliff Islieb and Russ Johnston working on patients with a hypodermic syringe and scalpel.