Category Archives: Education

Review of Keystone School Credit Recovery

My son’s high school freshman year didn’t include stellar grades. In fact, it included failing his geography class. There were two causes of this. The major cause was the traditional reason, namely, a failure to apply himself. He might have squeaked by with a passing grade, but when he finally handed in quality work, the teacher was already convinced that he was incapable of quality work. So she accused him of cheating, even though she admitted that she couldn’t prove it. Since she couldn’t prove it, she instead gave him poor grades, meaning that the average score for the course was still a failing grade.  As a result, he had to make up the course over the summer.

One option, of course, was to send him to summer school.  Logistically, this wasn’t a convenient option for us.  And there was still a chance that subjective grading would keep him from passing the course.  Therefore, after some research, we settled upon The Keystone School, which offers a number of “credit recovery” courses.  The school, even though it is apparently accredited in Pennsylvania, does not actually offer the credit itself.  Instead, before enrollment, an official from his home school, in his case, the counselor, has to sign the application.  Keystone School then reports the scores to the home school, and the home school changes the grade from an F to a grade of P, a passing grade.  The school agreed that this was a suitable option, and signed the application.

We were a bit hesitant, since many of the online reviews I saw were rather poor.  Many of the criticisms in these reviews were justified, but for our purposes, the course actually served us quite well.  For families in different situations, those shortcomings could prove to be very frustrating, so please use caution before registering.

KeystoneReviewImages3The school’s course catalog can be found at this link.  The course my son took was entitled “Geography Online Credit Recovery Grades 9-12,” and the tuition was $155 for two semester credits.  It was also possible to take one semester credit for $116.  The course goes quite fast, so I’m glad I paid for both credits at the same time.

There were many technical glitches with the course.  In fact, he was never able to view some portions of it.  I suspect we would have eventually figured out how to view all of the material, as we probably needed to update some of the software on our computer.  For example, most of the lessons included at least a few videos and Flash presentations that we never were able to open.

KeystoneReviewImages2The bulk of the lessons consisted of slides similar to the one shown at the left.  These are interspersed with videos, links to other websites, and the various Flash plugins that we weren’t able to view.  Fortunately, most, but not all, of the missing elements had a PDF transcript that he could open, which contained the same information.  These actually proved to be more convenient, since the text could be searched when taking the open-book quizzes.

For some students, the missing elements might have caused a major problem.  It’s likely that problem could have been solved by updating our software, but in my son’s case, having the missing items wasn’t a major problem.

This is because the course is set up so that the student takes a quiz for each unit before reviewing that unit.  Each quiz can be taken up to three times, and the student is instructed to take it the first time as a pre-test for the unit.  If the student passes the quiz (it appears that 70% is the passing score), then the student simply moves on to the next unit.

With one exception, my son passed all of the quizzes (usually with a score of 90% or 100%) on the first try.  Therefore, he was never required to actually review the lessons.  However, for many of the chapters, he did open the lessons and quickly review them.  (The method for doing this was somewhat counter-intuitive.  From the course main page, he had to click on “Start Here,” and then on “Table of Contents.”  From the table of contents, he had to right click on the unit he wanted to view, and then open that unit in a new tab.  For some reason, it didn’t work to open the lessons by left clicking.)  He usually had one or more tabs open with the course materials, with the open book quiz in another tab.  He was able to answer most of the questions from his prior knowledge (much of it presumably learned in the class he failed).  Other questions required him to regurgitate material from the lessons, so he would search for the material in the other tab.

Most questions were relevant, but quite a few were somewhat confusing.  A few of the answers were simply wrong, such as the one below.  But he picked the least wrong answer, which turned out to be the right answer.  (Thailand is not east of Cambodia):

KeystoneReviewImages

Over the course of about a month, my son passed the course (with a score in the high 90’s).  He probably learned a few things (such as the true location of Thailand in relation to Cambodia), but more importantly, the school will accept the credits and change his grade from failing to passing.  The technical glitches weren’t a problem, because he used the Keystone course essentially only to “test out” of the subject.  If he needed to actually learn something from the course, it wouldn’t have worked very well.  But despite the shortcomings, it was vastly superior to bringing him to summer school, and the $155 was well spent.



Radio Goes to School: 1944

1944JuneTuneIn11944JuneTuneIn2Seventy-five years ago, the over 170,000 students in the Philadelphia schools were getting a good dose of the fourth “R.” In addition to reading, ‘riting, and ‘rithmatic, the schools were taking full advantage of Radio. Thanks to the community spirit of the city’s commercial radio stations, regular lessons were scheduled. For example, for the elementary grades, WFIL carried “Studio Schoolhouse,” an educational program three days a week. The Monday program allowed the students, left, to participate in dramatized scripts about how they could help the war effort.

The pictures and accompanying article appeared in the June 1944 issue of Tune In magazine.



Electronics in the Classroom: 1959

1959FebRadioElec

The student and instructor shown here are demonstrating properties of sound, thanks in part to $300 million in federal funds made available to high schools by the Science Education Bill. The February 1959 issue of Radio Electronics gives some ideas of how electronic equipment can be worked into the curriculum. The article suggested that many phenomenon, such as sound, can be converted into electrical energy by appropriate transducers. Here, a scope, audio amplifier, and giant VTVM are used to demonstrate properties of sound.



Radio in Education: 1939

1939JanRadioRetailingEighty years ago this month, the January 1939 issue of Radio Retailing devoted most of its pages to the use of radio in education. Of course, the focus was on how the dealer could tap this market. The most basic use of radio, of course, is shown above. A set is brought into the classroom for these Midwestern students to listen to a program of educational value.

Wiring the school with a public address system would be, of course, a lucrative sale. In addition to being able to make announcements immediately, the magazine suggested educational uses for the equipment. Below, for example, students who handed in the best writing are allowed to broadcast their work over the PA.

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1943 Opaque Projector

1943SepPSDuring my school days in the 1960s and 1970s, the teacher would occasionally wheel out a monstrosity known as the opaque projector. It would project the image of an opaque object, such as the page of a book, onto a screen. Apparently, the models of that era had about a 1000 watt lamp inside, and their size was due in part to the fact that they required a big fan to keep it cool. The process also required a lens that was quite large.

The projector was rarely used. Instead, it was much more common to copy the desired image onto a transparency, which was projected with the much more common overhead projector.

75 years ago this month, the September 1943 issue of Popular Science showed how to make an opaque projector. The article doesn’t seem to specify the wattage of the bulbs, but since ordinary household bulbs are shown, I assume that they would be 100 watts. The lens is made from one, or preferably two, magnifying glasses mounted in a tube.

The opaque projector has been more or less replaced by the document camera, such as the one shown here on Amazon, which can be viewed through the video projector that is now found in almost all American classrooms.

1943SepPS2



Back To School Shopping Lists

It’s almost that time of year again to shop for back-to-school supplies.  Back in my day, that was a relatively straightforward proposition.  Parents went to the store to purchase supplies such as crayons, pens, pencils, and notebooks.   Especially as kids got older, the family’s shopping list was sometimes supplemented by a list from the teacher.  That list often included the more esoteric items such as protractors, compasses, and other specialty items.  It was clearly understood, however, that the supplies that each child brought to school were intended for that child.  In fact, it was frequently requested that the items be marked with the child’s name.

At some point, an enterprising teacher came up with the idea of requesting a few communal supplies.  This probably started innocently enough, when some teacher noticed that stores were selling certain items as loss leaders.  For example, a discount store might advertise that it was selling glue sticks for 5 cents, a price well below cost, and much less expensive than the school’s normal supplier.

So if a teacher needed a supply of glue sticks to last the year, asking the parents to buy a few made perfect economic sense:  Each parent spent only a few pennies to buy a few extra glue sticks.  This saved the school a larger amount of money by not having to buy at the higher price.  It was a win-win situation for all involved, except perhaps the store.  But the store went in with its eyes wide open, fully realizing that they were going to lose money on the glue sticks.

Unfortunately, however, this whole system eventually got out of hand.  The technique worked so well that the size of the lists kept getting larger and larger.  And unfortunately, the list was no longer limited to loss leaders.  Eventually, teachers began demanding specific brand name products, without regard to cost or availability.  In fact, since the lists were public knowledge, retailers could be careful not to sell any of the listed items at a loss.

As a result, procuring all of the items on the list became a financial burden, to the point where some parents could no longer afford to purchase the full list.  As a result, the children became either the “haves” or the “have nots.”  Some children came from families that could afford the expensive designer label glue sticks.  But other families could not.  Chances are, all or most of the children would have been able to afford the cheap loss leaders.  But some could not afford the expensive versions that were now demanded by the lists.

Perhaps correctly, someone noticed that this wasn’t fair:  Some children came to school with all of the supplies.  But some came with no supplies.   At this point, a decision was made to make all supplies communal.   Gone were the days when teachers recommended placing the child’s name on supplies.  With the advent of communal school supplies, parents were now prohibited  from labeling them with the child’s name.  Children no longer had their own pencils.  Instead, they brought the requested brand-name pencils to school, in accordance with their abilities.  Then, the children helped themselves to the now free pencils in accordance with their perceived need.

Since some parents could no longer afford to buy the expensive designer brand names, the remaining parents were required to provide them in larger and larger quantities.  This, in turn, resulted in a greater economic burden, meaning that the number of “have not” children kept increasing.

Of course, the communal supplies generally aren’t as well cared for as personal property, further increasing the expense.  And since parents are buying communal supplies anyway, the teacher naturally adds a few other needed communal items, such as Kleenex, cleaning supplies, and dry erase markers.  For many of these items, the children (whose parents bought them) are not allowed to use them.

As with most forms of communism, this is not sustainable, and it will soon enter a death spiral as fewer and fewer parents can afford to purchase all of the required supplies.  But in the meantime, the few remaining “have” parents are expected to purchase the items on the growing lists.

Eventually, there will be a rebellion.  But in the meantime, you can ease some of the pain by taking advantage of the school lists at Walmart.com.  You can search for your school by zip code and view the lists.  In some cases, the expensive brand names won’t be available at Walmart.  But if they are, you can purchase online, or at least do price comparison online.  Since the prices are the same nationally, there’s less chance of a particular item’s price being manipulated because a local retailer knows it’s required by a local list.    If you do purchase online, in most cases, you have the option of picking up your order at the store.  I’ve used this service a number of times, and it works quite well.  You simply go to the counter, show your ID, and your entire order is brought to you, without have to fight the crowds in the back to school aisles.

Links in this post are affiliate links, meaning that this website receives a commission if you order after viewing the link.

 



1938 Dayton, Ohio, Emergency School of the Air

1938Dec3RadioGuideThis teacher and students  are holding class in 1938 in the studios of WHIO, Dayton, Ohio, as shown in the December 3, 1938 issue of Radio Guide.

The teacher was apparently working without pay, but most of her colleagues weren’t quite so generous. The Dayton Board of Education “ran out of funds,” and the city’s 1300 teachers refused to continue without pay, leaving the 34,000 students without the possibility of public education. The station’s owner stepped in and volunteered the station’s facilities to cope with the emergency.

In cooperation with the superintendent, the station quickly revamped the station’s schedule to broadcast emergency lessons. Four periods of instruction were organized, supplemented by educational programs from the networks. As a result, students were able to spend a couple of hours per day receiving expert instruction. The Emergency School of the Air included classes in English, Biology, Chemistry, General Science, Physics, Vocational Guidance, Latin, French, Spanish, German, Bookkeeping, Geography, American History, Mathematics, Civics, Art, and Music.



High School Radio Training, 1943

1943JuneQSTShown here in the June 1943 issue of QST are students at Northbridge Senior and Junior High Schools, Whitinsville, Mass., learning Morse Code under the tutelage of assistant principal James Perkins Saunders, W1BDV.

Before the War, there had been some instruction in radio for interested students, but it had consisted mostly of informal coaching of students interested in obtaining their ham licenses. But with war, radio became a vital skill, and the school vigorously undertook pre-induction training in the radio arts, including both theory and Morse Code.

1943JuneQSTKeyTo accommodate code training, the school’s schedule was adjusted. Two minutes were shaved off each of the seven class periods, and the lunch period was reduced by one minute. This allowed the time period from 8:05 to 8:20 AM to be set aside exclusively for code practice. Each day, Saunders manned the key in the school office, as shown here, and code was piped throughout the building. Later, a tape machine was procured, and Army-Navy code training tapes were played. A student assistant monitored the tapes and copied along, and at the end of the session, he read back the text that had been sent.

The code training was intended primarily for students in the high school, but since the P.A. system was shared with the junior high, the younger students were also encouraged to participate.

Participation was optional, and some students used the period as a study hall. Initially, 250 students were participating, but this number dropped to 75 at the end of the term.  Each week, a test was given, and teachers sent the classroom’s copy to the office for scoring.  At the start of the next term, the program again started from scratch, with advanced students moving on to a dedicated 45 minute class.

1943JuneQSTMillThe typing class, shown here, was conducted by Saunders one day a week. Instead of their normal typing lesson, the students listened to code being sent by Saunders, and they learned to copy on the “mill”.

Other typing students were trained to transcribe the paper tapes being used to run the code machines. They intently watched a character of the tape be revealed and typed the corresponding letter. Many students were particular fond of this activity, and expressed disappointment that the fun ended when the bell rang.

Students were also trained to copy by flashing light. After they had mastered copying code by sound, they were instructed to watch a flashing light which flashed along with the aural code. Then, the sound was turned off, and they continued to copy by sight.

Sending practice was also given, with sending stations being set up on old laboratory tables. These were wired up so that students could listen to perfect code from the machine and then listen as they tried to duplicate the sounds with their own fists.

1943JuneQST4Interested students, both boys and girls, also took part in classes in radio theory, largely following ARRL study materials. By rounding up defunct receivers, they were able to scrounge components to build projects such as code oscillators, as the students here demonstrate.

Saunders reported that it had been a lot of work getting the school geared up to study radio, but he and the students were very enthused about it. He reported that the many extra hours spent at school working on it were a suitable substitute for ham radio’s being off the air for the duration. In fact, his wife reported that “it is even worse now than before the war” since he was at least at home–albeit in his shack–in the prewar years.



WLS School Time, 1938

1938MarRuralRadioShown here from 80 years ago are seventh-grade students at Emerson School, Maywood, Illinois, receiving some of their instruction from the radio strategically stationed on the teacher’s desk.

The picture is from the March 1938 issue of Rural Radio magazine, which contained an article describing the School Time program broadcast each school day at 1:00 on WLS in Chicago. The service began on February 8, 1937, and during its first year, it had been listened to regularly by 1200 schools in Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, and Michigan. The Cook County superintendent of schools reported that more than 40,000 students in that county alone were listening regularly.

The program was designed to bring into the classroom experiences and information that the students might not otherwise obtain. On Monday’s, for example, the program included a newscast. Since most radio news reports were aimed at older listeners, the WLS program added dialogue, drama, and interview to the news program to capture the interest of the younger listeners.

One niche served by the station was music education. Especially in smaller schools, very little musical training was available. Therefore, the Tuesday program was a musical tour of the globe with folk songs of all nations.

Wednesdays featured visits to industries of different kinds, and Thursdays focused on geography, with listeners meeting a foreign gues star from the country being studied.

Fridays had a different program each week, covering Good Manners, Recreation, an outdoor program, and a program focusing on children’s literature.



Schoolhouse Blizzard of 1888

Today marks the 130th anniversary of the Schoolhouse Blizzard of January 12, 1888.

After a long cold spell over the Northern Plains, the temperatures advanced considerably. For example, Omaha had recorded a low of −6 °F on January 11, but the temperature had increased to 28°F at 7:00 AM on January 12.

The warm weather after a long cold spell perhaps gave the illusion that relief was in sight, but the conditions deteriorated during the day of the 12th. Thousands of people got caught in the blizzard, and the ultimate death toll was 235.

Most schoolteachers kept the children in school that afternoon, and exceptions almost always resulted in disaster.