Author Archives: clem.law@usa.net

Merry Christmas!

Merry Christmas from OneTubeRadio.com!

We present the 17th Century French Christmas Carol Un flambeau, Jeanette, Isabelle (Bring a torch, Jeanette, Isabelle).

It’s sung in French at the video above, but here are the lyrics in English:

Bring a torch, Jeanette, Isabella!
Bring a torch, to the stable call
Christ is born, tell the folk of the village
Jesus is born and Mary’s calling.
Ah! Ah! Beautiful is the Mother!
Ah! Ah! Beautiful is her Child

Who is that, knocking on the door?
Who is it, knocking like that?
Open up, we’ve arranged on a platter
Lovely cakes that we have brought here
Knock! Knock! Open the door for us!
Knock! Knock! Let’s celebrate!

It is wrong when the Child is sleeping,
It is wrong to talk so loud.
Silence, now as you gather around,
Lest your noise should waken Jesus.
Hush! Hush! See how He slumbers;
Hush! Hush! See how fast He sleeps!

Softly now unto the stable,
Softly for a moment come!
Look and see how charming is Jesus,
Look at Him there, His cheeks are rosy!
Hush! Hush! See how the Child is sleeping;
Hush! Hush! See how He smiles in His dreams!



Santa Claus Beacon Activation

SantaRadioOnce again this year, to assist him with precision navigation, Santa Claus has asked OneTubeRadio.com to activate its non-directional beacon (NDB).  We will, of course, be complying with this request, and we have activated a beacon on 1610 kHz.  Santa will use the automatic direction finding equipment (ADF) installed in his sleigh to home in on the beacon.  (He is currently employing equipment more modern than shown above in a picture from the December 9, 1922, issue of Radio World.)  We expect that while aloft, Santa will be able to pull in the signal from the North Pole.

Even though COVID-related travel restrictions have eased, Santa Claus is still required to adhere to a flight plan, and this beacon will allow him to navigate very precisely.  To view his progress, we recommend visiting the official NORAD Santa Tracking website.  (We previously wrote about the history of this project here.)

At ground level, the signal will have a range of about one mile.  If you are located close to the OneTubeRadio.com world headquarters, you can tune in to this special broadcast.  If you are further away, you can listen online:

We are transmitting with our  InfOspot Talking House transmitter, which I previously reviewed at this link.  It is an FCC-certified transmitter for the AM band and operates with 100 milliwatts to a 3-meter antenna.   It has fairly solid coverage for about two blocks, and in a few spots, can be heard over a mile away.  During COVID-19, I have used this transmitter for drive-in educational programs for my continuing legal education business.  It is also suitable for other socially distanced activities, such as church services and meetings of community organizations.  It could potentially be an important community resource in emergencies.  And tonight, it is assisting Santa Claus in performing his duties.

Reception reports are welcome.  You can contact us at como-radio@usa.net.



Sleep Learning: 1921

1921DecSciInvA hundred years ago this month, the cover of the December 1921 issue of Science and Invention magazine covered a topic that seemed reasonable to me as a youth. Rather than spend waking hours with the burdensome task of learning, it would be easier to just play the material while sleeping, and let the subconscious mind soak it in. This gentleman is doing exactly that, and the whole system is explained in an article by Hugo Gernsback, who also included the technology in his novel Ralph 123C 41+, first published in serial form in 1911.

It never worked for me as a kid, mostly because I never figured out how to keep something playing all night. The record player could keep playing the same record over and over, but I didn’t have any records containing material I needed to learn. I had a tape recorder, but I never figured out how to make an endless loop long enough to contain useful information. Unfortunately, I didn’t have the machine shown here available.

According to Wikipedia, it doesn’t work anyway. But if you want to give it a try, you can find the materials at Amazon.



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Worldwide TV: 1951

1951DecPMSeventy years ago this month, the December 1951 issue of Popular Mechanics carried a feature with the byline of RCA Chairman of the Board David Sarnoff discussing the prospects of international television. He predicted that before long, viewers would be able to bring exciting events from distant lands to their armchairs with a flick of the dial, all at the instant they’re taking place.

He outlined the ways this might happen, but interestingly, he fails to mention the technology that did make it happen, namely orbiting satellites.

His most promising idea is shown above, namely a network of microwave relays about 20-50 miles apart. This network was already taking shape in the US, and Sarnoff pointed out that it could easily be expanded from Patagonia to Alaska. And since it was only 40 miles acroos the Bering Strait, there was no technological reason why the network couldn’t be thus extended into Eurasia, and from there to Africa. He notes that there were plans for a telegraph land line along the same route 90 years earlier, which was abandoned only after the success of the transatlantic telegraph cable.

Another idea for connecting America and Europe was a string of artificial islands in the Atlantic, 200 miles apart, each with a 1000 foot tower.

We’ve previously mentioned the idea of stratovision, namely, using aircraft both to broadcast and relay programs. Sarnoff hinted at a possible expansion of this system to link America and Europe. He noted that there were already enough commercial flights flying the route, and that if these planes were fitted with television relays, they could provide a permanent microwave link across the Atlantic.



Kenner Close ‘N Play Phonograph, 1971

CloseNPlayIt was probably 1971, plus or minus a year or so, that Santa Claus brought me my very own record player. We had at least two phonographs around the house, and at least one of them was used mostly by me. But it wasn’t mine, and thanks to the Kenner Close ‘n Play phonograph, any kid could own one. And the parents’ (and/or Santa Claus) would only be out $6.88, plus the cost of three D cell batteries (According to this inflation calculator, that works out to about $47 in 2021 dollars.

The Close ‘N Play was a rather ingenious design. It played only 45 RPM records and it was more or less automatic. The young audiophile would place the record on the platter and turn on the motor. When the lid was closed, the record would automatically start to play.

The Close ‘N Play was probably one of the last acoustic phonographs to be mass produced. There were no electronics inside. The acoustic tone arm was built into the lid, and when the lid was opened, the arm would drop into position, ready to play from the start of the record. With the Close ‘N Play, there was no way to start in the middle of a record. If you lifted the lid, it automatically went back to the start. When you closed the lid, the needle would land on the record, and play through the acoustic horn, which was about 4 inches in diameter. Of course, there was no volume control, but the horn was relatively efficient and could be heard with no difficulty.

Of course, young owners such as me (and especially their parents and older siblings) quickly discovered that the steel needle, even if “synthetic sapphire tipped,” wasn’t particularly good for the records, especially since the acoustic tone arm had a pretty hefty tracking weight.

Despite being made by a toy company, the Close ‘N Play was decidedly more than a toy. But it didn’t quite qualify as a “real” phonograph. Once the novelty wore off (and the batteries went dead), most of my youthful record listening took place on a normal record player. The only real advantage of the Close ‘N Play was its portability. But I could proudly say that I owned my very own record player, even if perhaps I destroyed a few 45’s in the process of using it. The clipping above is from the 1971 Sears Christmas Catalog.

Here’s a 1967 commercial for the product:



Absolutely, Mr. Pitney? Positively, Mr. Bowes.

1921DecPSArthur Pitney filed a patent application for the first postage meter in 1901, but it wasn’t until he teamed up with Walter Bowes in 1920 that the concept caught on.

The December 1921 issue of Popular Science, featured this image of a postage meter imprint, and the accompanying article starts by asking readers, “have you received a piece of ‘metered mail’ yet?” Apparently, many had not yet received one, but the magazine successfully predicted that they would before long, since “the newly invented postage meter is being adopted by many large companies to speed up their outgoing mail.”

Pitney Bowes Model M.  Wikipedia image.

Pitney Bowes Model M. Wikipedia image.

The magazine shows a Pitney-Bowes Model M postage meter, which had received the seal of approval from the U.S. Post Office on September 1, 1920, and which was named in 1986 an “International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark” by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

If you’re like me, you now have this song running through your head. Unfortunately, we couldn’t find the 1983 commercial version, but here’s the original from 1922:




Science Fair Idea: Electrostatic Precipitator

1946DecPS1946DecPS2Seventy-five years ago this month, this young woman undoubtedly took home the blue ribbon of the 1946 Science Fair with this experiment in which she constructed an electrostatic precipitator to fight air pollution.  In the photo above, a column of smoke is rising.  But the moment she flips the power switch on her precipitator, the smoke ceases.  An electrostatic precipitator, known at the time as a Cottrell precipitator after its inventor Frederick Gardner Cottrell, removes particulate matter from the air through an electric charge, but does not affect the flow of gas. The same principle is used in home air purifiers such as this:

In the 1946 experiment, a column of polluted air passes through a mailing tube, where it passes through a high voltage electric field. Particulate matter clumps together as a result of the electric charge, and falls to the bottom of the tube.

We enjoy providing inspiration for projects such as these, and we hope modern school children can do the same experiments. And for this project, your young scientist will need the following items. Where available, we have provided links to Amazon:

As you see, Amazon no longer has all of the needed parts. The Model T spark coil is apparently out of production. And while this young woman had no problem bringing a pack of Chesterfields to school and nonchalantly lighting one up in the science classroom to show off her invention, it’s no longer 1946. If a kid did that today, they would probably get expelled. So if Junior wants to do this experiment today, some modification is necessary.

Fortunately, as long as your young scientist has some creativity, substitutions shouldn’t be a problem. In place of the cigarette, the original 1946 experiment allows for the use of an incense stick, and as long as Junior has the teacher’s permission, this shouldn’t be a problem.

The Model T spark coil, however, is a bit more problematic. The spark coil from a Model T was known as a trembler coil.  The device was a transformer. To be able to operate with DC, the coil operated in interrupter: When voltage was applied to the coil, the magnetic field opened the contacts of the interrupter, which turned off the coil. With the coil off, the contacts closed, allowing the coil to re-energize. The result of this on-off action was an alternating current, and the voltage of this alternating current was stepped up to thousands of volts with the transformer.

The Model T spark coil remained in production for many years after the last Model T rolled off the assembly line, and many of them found their way into things other than cars. When this experiment was published in Popular Science in December 1946, there was apparently no question that if you wanted a Model T spark coil, that finding one wouldn’t be a problem. One popular use of the coil in the early days of radio was for use in a spark-gap transmitter.

But if you walk in to the parts counter of your local Ford dealer today, they probably don’t have them any more. (On the other hand, there are still Model T’s on the road, and if you want to buy a new spark coil, they are still being made, but they’re probably too expensive, such as this one.)

The advanced student should be able to build their own induction coil. They will need a transformer and a method of interrupting the current. Experimentation with a filament transformer and mechanical buzzer will probably prove fruitful. Our earlier post describing a spark coil should give the advanced student enough information to construct one that is essentially identical to the Model T version.

The school might already have the equivalent stashed away in the back room of the science lab, or you could convince the teacher to spend some of the science budget on one of these:

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1951 Raytheon Model RC-1720 Starlight

1951DecRadioRetailingShown here from 70 years ago is an ad for Raytheon Television’s deluxe offering, the model RC-1720 “Starlight” set. According to the ad, the set was famous for fringe area performance, and it boasted a 17 inch picture tube, along with room-filling volume from a 10 inch speaker.

The set retailed for $369.95, which was down from the previous price of $469.95. That price included the federal excise tax, as well as a one year warranty. In addition to the TV, the set included an AM radio (but no FM), and a three speed phonograph.

In 2021 dollars, the price of the set works out to almost $4000, according to this inflation calculator.  The ad appeared in the December 1951 issue of Radio & Television Retailing.



1946 Modern Crystal Set

1946DecRadioCraftThe plans for this “modern crystal set” appeared in the December 1946 issue of Radio Craft, having been sent in by one W.J.E. Spain of Toronto. The author reported that the set was both selective and sensitive. He had six local stations in his area, ranging from 1000 to 50,000 watts, including a police station, and could pull in all of them with no interference between stations. All had good volume on headphones, and four stations were strong enough to operate a horn type speaker, with a 75 foot antenna.

At night, WLW Cincinnati and WENR Chicago came in like strong locals. The Buffalo stations were also heard regularly at night.

The switch marked S/B was used for selectivity. In the S position, the set was very selective, and in the B position, tuning was broad. He tuned with the switch in the B position, and then switched to S to cut out interference. Tuning was accomplished with S1 and the variable condensers, one of which was used for fine tuning.

The crystal was a 1N23, a germanium crystal which had been used as mixers in radars. They appear to be available today, or other diodes such a 1N34 would probably provide good results. For ideas on sourcing parts, see our crystal set parts page.



Home Study Courses Courtesy of Uncle Sam

1971DecPEThe December 1970 issue of Popular Electronics provides some good advice to anyone seeking to learn about any subject. They were talking about electronics, but the same general advice applies to any field.

The magazine began by noting that money spent on a formal education is a generally wise investment. But in many cases, the student might not want to commit to a formal education. Among other things, formal education normally costs money.

But even though it has built-in disadvantages, a course of informal “go-it-alone” self study can provide a firm understanding, at a minimal investment. In 1970, the monetary investment came to $18.55. But in the internet age, that cost is essentially zero.

The magazine warned of simply buying a book and hoping that it would provide the correct study material, since it might not provide a broad enough scope. But the magazine noted that there were inexpensive books that were well designed for the purpose, namely, training manuals used by the military, and for sale at a nominal cost by the Government Printing Office. It went on to list those books recommended for a basic course in electronics, and the total cost was only $18.55.

Today, most of those same books are available at no cost on the internet. Specifically, here they are, with links to Google Books or other sources:

Of course, these texts are all now more than a half century old. But the basic theory is unchanged, and that course of study would provide an excellent background, even though the student might learn a bit of archaic material in the process. With minimal research, the interested student could update the course materials and include modern texts in electronics–or modern texts in any other subjects.

Today, it is quite possible to get a good university education and spend hundreds of thousands of dollars in the process. If you do this, two things will happen. First, you will presumably become a smarter person, because you have learned the material that was taught. And you will also get a handsome piece of paper from a prestigious institution attesting to the fact that you have learned the material. That piece of paper is very good to have. Indeed, if you want to do some things, such as perform surgery, then having that piece of paper is absolutely required.

But you can gain all of the knowledge without the piece of paper. Even though I have an advanced degree, I’ve come to the conclusion that for many, the piece of paper isn’t particularly valuable, even though the knowledge is.

If you pay tuition at a university, you will take courses, and during those courses, you will be given a list of books to read, and you will attend lectures explaining those texts. The books have always been available for purchase, or you can read them at the library. And in many cases, the lecture is available online for anyone to view, whether or not they have paid tuition.

If you pay tuition, you also have the privilege of showing up at the professor’s office hours and asking questions. But in my experience, students never do that.

In short, my advice to many students is that perhaps paying tuition isn’t really in your best interest any more. You can gain the knowledge for free. At that point, you’ll need to figure out a substitute for the piece of paper attesting to your knowledge.

In 1970, one suggestion that Popular Electronics made was to obtain your FCC Radiotelephone License, preferably the prestigious first class license. That option is still available, although it’s less prestigious, and the license is now called the General Radiotelphone Operator License (GROL). In fact, I’m the author of a study guide to earn that license.

The GROL is still the ticket to a handful of jobs in electronics, but in many cases, it’s unknown to employers. But there are probably other methods of proving your bona fides. And before long, other people like me, who have advanced degrees and a stake in higher education, are also going to start coming to the realization that maybe that fancy piece of paper is overpriced. And eventually, someone is going to come up with a less expensive alternative piece of paper. In many industries, that piece of paper probably already exists.

In short, my advice is to consider whether self-study might work for you.  If done right, you can learn almost as much, or as much, as students undergoing formal education.  And if you’re smart enough to do that, perhaps you are also smart enough to figure out a way to prove it, even without that handsome, but expensive, piece of paper.



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