Eighty years ago, there was a war going on, and there were shortages of many things. And that included a new home telephone. You couldn’t get one right away–you had to wait weeks or months.
In this ad from Life Magazine, November 20, 1944, The Phone Company assures you that they feel your pain. But because of wartime shortages, there weren’t enough telephones or switchboards to go around, and everyone would just have to wait patiently.
Eighty years ago, Britain was at war, but that didn’t stop students from building instructional instruments, as shown by these plans for a telephone appearing in the November 1944 issue of Practical Mechanics.
The set was based upon the original telephone of Alexander Graham Bell, and could be built by senior schoolboys in the science room using readily available material. The magazine provided all of the construction details. Two instruments could be used to communicate from one room to another, strictly with sound power. For longer distances, the magazine recommended a carbon microphone with a battery running to the phone.
It could also be used as an extension for a Morse buzzer. All construction could be done with a few simple hand tools. The most delicate part of the operation was spacing the diaphragm just the right distance from the permanent magnet.
A hundred years ago today, this unnamed woman was named the “most telephoned girl in the world.” The title didn’t come from her receiving the most calls, but by her image being transported over phone lines. The July 22, 1924, issue of the New Britain (CT) Herald noted that it was “this beauty that the research laboratories of the American Telephone and Telegraph company selected for experiments on ways of retaining clarity and loveliness in reprodcution and transmission of telephoned pictures.” He picture was on the cover of the instruction booklet for the AT&T Telephotography service.
Eighty years ago, the May 1944 issue of Popular Mechanics showed how to put together this two-tube home telephone system. Both the master and remote units were built breadboard-style. It might have looked austere, but there was a war going on, and a metal cabinet would have been an unnecessary luxury. It ran off the AC line, and the filament voltage was obtained by dropping it through a 40 watt light bulb. Calling was accomplished by an independent bell or buzzer. Therefore, it could be switched off until needed.
This couple were using it to communicate from house to barn. But the magazine noted that it could be used to communicate with the photographic dark room, since the remote emitted no light.
All parts could be found in the proverbial junk box, or from the dime store. For example, the talk-listen switch is fashioned from the handle of a toothbrush.
A hundred years ago this month, the April 1924 issue of Science and Invention reported on a transcontinental radio broadcast which took place on February 8. At the Congress Hotel in Chicago, General John J. Carty, the Vice President of Bell Telephone Company delivered an address at a banquet. It was transmitted by land and submarine telephone wire to points as far east as New York, as far south as Havana, and as far west as San Francisco. The magazine noted that the submarine cable to Cuba was a mile below sea level, and the telephone lines in Denver were a mile above sea level.
The voices of telephone managers in each city were carried as well, each hearing the other, and with millions of radio listeners hearing as well from the seven stations carrying the broadcast.
A thousand telephone employees were standing by along the line, including scores of men at work near Winnemucca, Nevada, keeping the lines in repair while a severe blizzard was raging.
A hundred years ago, the telephone had become an essential part of American life, and the public had come to take it for granted as part of their normal business and social lives, as well as relying upon it in emergencies.
But The Telephone Company and its workers didn’t take it for granted. Despite fire or storm or flood, the telephone operator stuck to her switchboard. And the lineman and a quarter million employees risked life, limb, and even health to make sure that messages continued to go through.
All the public had to do for all of this was to pay the moderate cost.
This ad appeared in the February 1924 issue of Boys’ Life.
Shown here in the January 1924 issue of Popular Mechanics is an early telephone hands-free device. The unit clamped on to the side of the telephone, with a counterweight under the base of the phone, to hold the receiver in any position. It included a clips that held the hook down or released it. It allowed both hands to be used while talking on the phone.
We previously reported the construction, in 1921, of a radiotelephone link between California and Santa Catalina Island, 26 miles across the sea (40 kilometers, for those in leaky old boats). That link was in use for only two years, as reported here in the November 1923 issue of Popular Science.
In 1923, a cable was installed for both telegraph and telephone connections, both of which were multiplexed to allow multiple conversations. One advantage of the new system, alluded to in the original article, was that radio conversations could be listened in to. While some scrambling was put in place, the signals were transmitted over the air. In addition, the radio license was surrendered, and that wavelength made available for broadcasting.
Over a decade before Mrs. Fletcher (played by actress Dorothy McHugh) famously told the world that he had fallen and can’t get up, London engineer Douglas Wells, presumably shown in the dramatic re-enactment shown here, was at work on the problem. An elderly neighbor had tripped and fallen down the stairs of her home. She was found three days later, dead. This inspired Wells to come up with the early prototype shown here. It consisted of a mat which was placed at the bottom of the stairs. If someone fell down the stairs and landed on the mat, it would trigger an alarm bell and lighted “HELP” sign outside the house.
This would, of course, be a great benefit if someone fell on that particular stairway. But it would be of no help if some casualty afflicted the person elsewhere in the house. So the wireless device worn around the neck, hooked up to the telephone line, is probably a better solution.
For those in need of such a system, the first point of inquiry is often your local hospital, some of which provide these systems free of charge. If that’s not an option, one alternative is a medical alert service. They typically supply the equipment at no cost, but provide the service for about $20 per month. So if the person requiring assistance pushes the button, like Mrs. Fletcher, they will speak directly to an operator who will summon the required assistance. You can find a comparison of the available services at this link.
It consists of a base unit that connects to the normal landline telephone. If either of the panic buttons is pushed, it automatically dials up to three telephone numbers and plays a prerecorded message. The advantage of this type of system is that the caller ID information is displayed at the other end. So if it’s set to call 911, then the 911 dispatcher will know the location of the emergency. However, it’s probably best to program it to dial the numbers of friends or relatives who can intervene in emergencies, which may or may not warrant 911.
This small unit is actually a cellular phone. It relies upon the fact that all cellular phones in the U.S., whether or not activated, are required to be able to call 911. In this case, 911 is the only number it will call. The disadvantage is that, since it is not an activated phone, the 911 dispatcher probably won’t have access to your location. But as long as the owner is able to speak, they will be able to tell the dispatcher where they are, and what the emergency is. The phone is turned off until the button is pushed, so batteries (normal AAA batteries) will last a long time, and only need to be replaced once a year or so.
A final option for anyone potentially in need of such assistance is any cellular phone. Again, even if the phone is not activated, it can be used to call 911. One disadvantage is that it does require the user to affirmatively dial 911, which might be difficult in an emergency. Also, batteries need to be charged on a regular basis, which means it’s not something that can simply be forgotten until needed. But since most people have old cell phones lying around, it is a zero-cost option. If you’re worried about someone, simply asking them to put an old phone in their pocket gives some assurance that they can call for help, even if they can’t access their normal phone. In fact, it’s not a bad idea to keep an old phone, along with a 12 volt cord, in your car as a backup communications method in an emergency.
The picture at the top of the page of the 1973 system is from the November 1973 issue of Elementary Electronics.
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Eighty years ago this month, the September 1943 issue of Radio Craft carried this circuit, dubbed the “barb-wire telephone.” It was sent in to the magazine by one Fred H. Randolph (from another submission to the magazine, apparently of Booneville, AR), who reported using it to communicate with a friend three miles away, courtesy of an iron fence wire. The circuit is nothing more than an audio amplifier using a carbon button mike, and puts out enough power to drive a speaker at the other end of the circuit, where an identical unit is located.
