Category Archives: Radio history

1946 PA Amplifier

1946NovPM1946NovPM2The accompanying article doesn’t say for sure, but I’m guessing the gentleman shown at the left made some serious extra income 75 years ago, thanks to the audio amplifier he built, based on plans in the November 1946 issue of Popular Mechanics.

The general-purpose amplifier put out 32 watts, and had enough power to drive four large speakers. It could be used in emergencies, or to provide music and public address for school groups or outdoor activities. It had two 6L6 tubes in push-pull configuration running class AB-1, and weighed in at only 22 pounds, with a plywood chassis.



1921 ABC Units Crystal Set

1921NovBLA hundred years ago this month, this savvy advertiser realized that scouts would be a huge market for the magic of radio. Wireless merit badge had been introduced in 1918, and radio was a young man’s game. This ad from the Wireless Equipment Co., Inc., of Newark, NJ touted the company’s ABC Unit detector.

The unit was a complete crystal set, but the name referred to the fact that it could be added to other units in a modular fashion. After starting with the crystal detector, a two-step amplifier could be added, or a vacuum tube detector could replace the crystal.

The booklet describing the set was only a dime, but the price of the set would have been out of reach of the impecunious scout. It sold for $24.50 which, according to this inflation calculator, works out to $375 in 2021 dollars.  The ad appeared in the November 1921 issue of Boys’ Life.



CB Radio on 77 Sunset Strip: 1961

1961NovPECoverSixty years ago this month, the cover of the November 1961 issue of Popular Electronics featured the stars of the hit TV private detective drama 77 Sunset StripRoger Smith and Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., are shown with a new co-star, namely CB radio. Smith is shown at the mike of a base transceiver, and Zimbalist is shown with a handheld unit. The base unit looks like it might be a Polytronics Poly-Comm Model N.

The magazine was proud to announce that it had been consulted relative to placement of CB radio on this network program. The detectives used a phony call sign, 11J5486. The format for the call was right, but the letter would have been W. But the number 11 was correct for southern California.

The magazine reminded readers to tune in to ABC on Friday night at 9:00, especially for the following episodes which prominently featured the CB equipment: The Bridal Trail Caper (season 4, episode 20),  The Bel Air Hermit (season 4, episode 22), The Unremembered (season 4, episode 6).

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Lee’s Record & Radio Shop, St. Joseph, Mo, 1946

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Shown here, as it appears today and as it appeared 75 years ago, is the corner of 6th and Francis St., St. Joseph, MO.  Today, it’s the office of an insurance company, but 75 years ago, it was Lee’s Record & Radio Shop, profiled in the November 1946 issue of Radio Retailing.

The rent was high, but the street traffic was heavy, so the store took advantage of a big eye-catching display to lure customers into the store. According to Tillie Frankhauser, the manager, the store was spectacularly in the black. The corner was the second busiest in the city, and owner Lee Drowther took advantage of it. The store was self-service, with albums lined up on the shelf in eye-catching displays. There were two types of listening booths, a stand-up type for quick appraisal of a record, and leather trimmed enclosed booths for serious listening. Plans were in place to construct a mezzanine area for demonstration of radios.

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Getting Started in CB Radio: 1961

1961NovPEBy 1961, it was clear that the 11 meter Citizens Band was a hit. Popularity hadn’t hit the frenzied levels of the 1970s, but it was becoming popular, especially by those with some background in electronics. The 27 MHz band had been allocated to Class D CB in 1958, and in three years, much equipment was available on the market.

The November 1961 issue of Popular Electronics carried a primer for those thinking about getting into CB radio, penned by prolific electronics writer Tom Kneitel. He gave basic advice on radios, antennas, operating, and licensing.

The article’s byline contains his CB call sign, 2W1965. CB calls at the time were in this format, starting with a number showing area of the country where licensed. The map showing those zones graced the magazine’s cover. This was followed by the letter W, and then a serial number.

A few years later, the format changed to three letters (later four) starting with K, followed by four digits.



Everyone Can Listen In! 1921

1921NovPSA hundred years ago, radio was definitely ready for prime time, as made clear by the cover of the November 1921 issue of Popular Science.  This father-son team had caught the radio bug, and they were apparently Giants fans. The newspaper indicates that they’re listening to the final game of the 1921 World Series, which the Giants clinched on October 13.

The accompanying feature article by Armstrong Perry telling how he listened to the world, and how easy it was for others to get into the radio pastime. The magazine noted that radio was catching on like wildfire.  There were a million fans already, and the thig had just started.

When he started, Perry thought of radio as something like a fire extinguisher on a lifeboat–something for use only in an emergency. But once he tried it out, he was in for a great awakening of the romance of radio. A friend talked him into buying the cheapest possible receiving set, consisting of a detector, headphones, and some wire for aerial and ground. The second he hooked it up, he heard jazz through the headphones and was hooked. He also heard Morse code, and when he started hearing the same patterns at the same time each night, he wrote down the dots and dashes, and was able to translate the first message:

QST QST QST de NAH NAH NAH.

Amateur Broadcast: If you are interested in this broadcast, please advise by mail, United States Navy, Radio Amateur Bureau, New York.

At once, he wrote a letter saying that he was very much interested. He received a form to return, and was soon registered as an amateur.

One night, to my astonishment, I found my own name at the beginning of a message. Imagine the thrill with which I took out of the air a reply by the Navy Radio Amateur Bureau to a letter I had written them the day before! Let me tell you that it’s the thrill of a lifetime when your government first communicates with you direct by wireless, and you get the message out of the air yourself.

Perry writes of some of the other thrills of the airwaves, such as hearing an SOS, and then hearing announcements by NAH to clear the air for the emergency traffic. You can read more on that subject at this post.

The article author, Armstrong Perry, was also an official of the Boy Scouts of America, and was the author, the same month, of a letter to the editor of QST promoting another service offered by NAH. Every Wednesday evening at 9:30 PM Eastern Time, the station transmitted on 1500 meters a special bulletin for scouts. It was transmitted by spark at 10 words per minute, and Perry pointed out that all scouts learned the Morse code. You can find more information on these broadcasts at our earlier post.

The magazine undoubtedly expected that many would be bit by the radio bug by Armstrong’s article, and the magazine promised forthcoming articles on building a set.



Science Fair Project: Homemade Battery

1961OctPE1If Junior is looking for a project for the science fair, a good standby is always making a battery out of materials found around the house. We’ve previously covered the idea in more detail, but the October 1961 issue of Popular Electronics shows a slight variation. All of these are a variation of Allesandro Volta‘s Voltaic pile from 1799, and are easy to recreate.

This one uses strips of copper and aluminum. The mechanical details are unimportant, so you don’t have to worry about the exact shape. The aluminum can be cut from a soda can, although these have a plastic lining on one side and paint on the other, so the aluminum will need to be sanded. If you don’t have a strip of copper available, a piece of copper wire, or any kind of copper hardware found at your local hardware store will work fine.

The 1961 article uses the battery to power a one-transistor radio. As you can see below, it consists of a crystal set with one germanium transistor amplifying the audio. But to show that the battery is working, a light emitting diode would work just fine. Polarity is important, so if it doesn’t light at first, simply reverse it in the circuit. In this battery, the copper is positive, and the aluminum is negative. It will come to life when the two electrodes are placed in salt water. As shown in this picture, you can carefully put one drop between the electrodes, or simply place it upside down in a glass of salt water.

Junior’s experiment for the science fair can be to see how much salt in the water results in the brightest glow. Or he or she can try different electrolytes, such as bleach or lemon juice. Very little can go wrong, and as long as some liquid is between the two strips, the LED is almost certain to give off a little light.

As we noted previously, the project is very easy with materials found around the house.  But for students who want to bypass the procurement process, you can simply go out and buy one of the potato clocks shown at left.

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1941 Baseball Radio

1941OctPMbaseballIn 1941, for the sports fan who wanted to listen to the baseball game on a baseball, this All American Five was available. The ball was about nine inches in diameter, and had tuning knob on one side and volume on the other.

The radio bore the “Trophy” name, and as you can see from the handwritten notation, it came from the D.A. Pachter Company, Space 1142, Merchandise Mart, Chicago. The company had a wide selection of novelty items, some of which you can see in this 1950 catalog.

They included a matching bowling ball radio, which you can see here.  A nicely preserved example of the baseball radio can be seen at this link.  The photo above appeared in the October 1941 issue of Popular Mechanics.



1951 Three Tube British Receiver

1951OctRadioConstrThe plans for this handsome three-tube set are shown in the October 1951 issue of the British Radio Constructor magazine. The set uses three 6AG5 tubes, which were said to be readily available at Government Surplus Stores. One disadvantage of the tubes was the non-variable Mu characteristics, which meant that a conventional volume control was not possible. Undaunted, the volume control is placed in line with the antenna, which could be as short as a few feet. The volume control would be rendered inoperative if the antenna coil picked up signals, so the article explained how to shield that coil.

In the circuit below, the set is for the medium wave band only. If long waves were desired, a second set of coils were used, and switched into the circuit. The band switch also had a third position to power off the set.

The circuit was designed by Peter T. Pitts, G3GYE, who died in 2020 at the age of 92.

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1961 Paper Clip Radio

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Sixty years ago, this gentleman was undoubtedly one of the first on his block to own a transistor radio, thanks to the circuit described in the October 1961 issue of Popular Mechanics.

As shown below, the set was an unassuming two-transistor circuit, with a 2N170 serving as detector and 2N107 as audio amplifier. You had to decide which half of the broadcast band you wanted to tune, as the loopstick couldn’t quite tune the whole band, and the value of the capacitor depended on whether you wanted the lower half or upper half.

The set had two alligator clips, one of which served as the on-off switch. The other one was used to hook to a convenient antenna. The set was constructed on a PC board, and the parts list called for the board, the marker, and the etchant solution. The set’s gimmick was the X-shaped paper clip, which could be used to clip the set to your pocket as shown, or to serve as a bookmark while reading.

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