Monthly Archives: August 2018

1938 Dayton, Ohio, Emergency School of the Air

1938Dec3RadioGuideThis teacher and students  are holding class in 1938 in the studios of WHIO, Dayton, Ohio, as shown in the December 3, 1938 issue of Radio Guide.

The teacher was apparently working without pay, but most of her colleagues weren’t quite so generous. The Dayton Board of Education “ran out of funds,” and the city’s 1300 teachers refused to continue without pay, leaving the 34,000 students without the possibility of public education. The station’s owner stepped in and volunteered the station’s facilities to cope with the emergency.

In cooperation with the superintendent, the station quickly revamped the station’s schedule to broadcast emergency lessons. Four periods of instruction were organized, supplemented by educational programs from the networks. As a result, students were able to spend a couple of hours per day receiving expert instruction. The Emergency School of the Air included classes in English, Biology, Chemistry, General Science, Physics, Vocational Guidance, Latin, French, Spanish, German, Bookkeeping, Geography, American History, Mathematics, Civics, Art, and Music.



1938 Pyro Pantagraph

1938AugRadioCraftThis ad for the Pyro Pantagraph appeared 80 years ago this month in the August 1938 issue of Radio Craft. For a mere $2.75, the enterprising young man or woman could go into business and “burn your way to extra dollars.” The burning tool was designed to burn designs onto leather, wood, cork, bakelite, or even gourds. The electric pencil plugged in to any 110 volt outlet, with “plug and cord furnished as part of equipment.”

Pantograph. Wikipedia animation.

But what made the set special was the pantograph, which allowed designs to be reproduced in the original size, enlarged, or reduced, as illustrated by the animation here.

As far as I know, the Pyro Pantagraph is no longer available, but inexpensive wood burning tools such as the one shown here are readily available, as is a pantograph such as this one.  Most modern pantographs appear to be made of plastic, so you’ll need to figure out a way to affix the burning tool.  And most of the negative Amazon reviews are fixated on the fact that the instructions are in Chinese.  But we’re confident that our readers are smart enough to figure these things out themselves, and have no need for the instructions.  You can still burn your way to extra dollars, or this could be the basis for a most interesting science fair project.



1918 Combination Telegraph Sounder/Key

1918AugEEThis ad from the August 1918 issue of Electrical Experimenter magazine shows an interesting code practice set which appears to be a combination key and sounder, for the low price of 25 cents (plus six cents for the catalog the company wants to get in as many hands as possible.

The ad contains the copy: “Impossible–you say. Quite so.” I’m still not sure exactly how it’s supposed to work. My best guess is that there’s another contact not visible behind the front binding post, and the key is wired in series with the coil. The sounder and the key would have to be able to move independently, which I guess is possible if it’s flexible enough and the center mount is firmly attached. Hooked to a battery, the sounder would then click whenever the key is depressed.

1918AugEE2

According to the ad, two such units can be connected, with a range of up to six blocks. This would require the key to be shorted out, and there doesn’t appear to be a convenient way of doing that, other than perhaps just holding down the key while receiving.

The ad reminds readers that telegraph operators are scarce, and that Uncle Sam needed thousands. For the entrepreneurially minded young men, the ad points out that boys are ordering 6-25 of them and selling them to their friends like hot cakes for 30-40 cents.

Even though the sounder would be most useful for learning American Morse for use on a landline telegraph, the text around the key is in International Morse, and reads:  EICO NY.



Becoming a Writer for Personal & Professional Networking

A Powerful Technique To Walk Up To Strangers and Talk to Them

Did you ever want to introduce yourself to a stranger, but had no logical reason to approach them? Whether it’s expanding your professional network, introducing yourself to a potential dating partner, or just talking to interesting people, here’s an easy method to make them eager to talk to you. In addition, it provides an easy method to ask for their name and contact information, such as their e-mail address, phone number, or address.  What I am about to describe is a powerful networking tool, and I’m shocked that I haven’t seen the idea anywhere else.

Unless it’s some kind of confrontation, most people are willing and even eager to talk to reporters. And the same principle applies if you are a “writer.”  Even if you don’t work for a recognized news agency, there’s nothing stopping you from becoming a freelance writer.

DOD photo.

Conducting an interview. DOD photo.

There is nothing dishonest about this, as long as you’re honest in how you represent yourself.  Of course, if you say that you are a newspaper reporter, and you’re not really employed by any newspaper, then this method will backfire.  But if you say that you are a freelance writer, then there is absolutely nothing wrong with using this technique, as long as you have taken the basic preliminary steps to make yourself a freelance writer,  (Similar techniques also apply if you are a podcaster or YouTuber.)

How To Make Yourself a Writer

The only prerequisite for being a writer is knowing how to write.  Since you’re able to read this, presumably you also know how to write.  You can start actually writing things at any time.

On the other hand, you might feel reluctant to say “I am a writer” unless you’ve actually sold or published something.  Strictly speaking, you don’t need to be a published writer in order to truthfully say that you are a writer.  You don’t become a writer when you sell or publish something:  You become a writer the moment you sit down with a pen or keyboard.  But it’s understandable if you want to be a paid and/or published writer before you start declaring in public that you are a writer.  Fortunately, this is very easy,  It might be difficult to make a lot of money by writing, but it is extremely easy to make some money, and you can start doing this today.  And thanks to the Internet, it’s also very easy to become a published writer.  You can become a paid and/or published writer today.  So if it’s important to you to be paid or published before you introduce yourself as a writer, this is not a difficult burden to overcome,

How to Become a Paid Writer Today

There are probably other alternatives, but I’m aware of two possible ways to get someone to pay you for writing, and get the money today.   I have more information about both of these on my How To Make Money On The Internet page.

The fastest way to make money by writing is with Amazon Mechanical Turk, which is a marketplace where workers (including writers) can do small online jobs and be paid almost immediately. When I did a review of that site, I spent about an hour and a half doing small jobs and earned a whopping $3.48 per hour. While preparing for that review, I did only one writing assignment (because for purposes of my review, I wanted to show more variety), but that one writing assignment took about 15 minutes and paid $2.50. So after 15 minutes, I could truthfully describe myself as a freelance writer, since I had been paid for writing.

Another option for turning yourself into a paid writer today is iwriter.com.  This is a website where content providers (usually websites) can get short articles written at low cost. A typical pay rate is $2.43 for a 500 word article. As I explain on my How To Make Money On The Internet page, the process for getting started is quite simple, and you can become a paid writer today.

How to Become a Published Writer Today

There are probably other options available, but by using either of those websites, you can become a paid writer today.  So if you feel reluctant to walk up to someone and say that you’re a writer unless someone has paid you to write, then getting paid by one of those sites will ease your conscience.

Of course, writing for either of those websites won’t really bestow upon you the status of published writer.   Even though your work will probably be published somewhere, it won’t have your name attached, since the author of such articles is anonymous.  (And this is a good thing, since you probably don’t want your name associated with a 500-word article that you dashed off in a few minutes on a subject about which you probably knew very little.)

Fortunately, with the Internet, it’s very easy to become a published writer.  All you need to do is start your own blog or website.  The exact process for starting a blog or website is outside the scope of this article, but it’s a very easy process.   You can start a blog at no cost using blogger.com.  In the long run, I would recommend starting with a paid service, but this is not absolutely necessary.  If you do decide to have your website or blog hosted with a paid service, then you can expect to pay around $100 per year.  I recommend using my hosting service justhost.com, but there are many other good providers.

LinkedinLogoIf you don’t want to start your own blog or website, another alternative is to publish articles on LinkedIn.

Whichever of these methods you use, as soon as you publish your first online article, you can in good conscience refer to yourself as a writer,

Using Your Status as Writer to Introduce Yourself

introductionNow that you are a writer, you now have a powerful tool to introduce yourself to strangers and strike up a conversation.  You simply walk up to them (or call them or e-mail them) and say something like:

“Hi.  My name is ______.  I’m a writer, and I’m working on an article about ____.  Would you mind if I asked you a few questions about _____?”

Chances are, they will say yes to this request.  Of course, you need to fill in the blanks before you approach them, but this is actually quite easy.

The first blank is easy enough.  You need to tell them your name.  If you have a blog or website, then you can also identify it at this time.  If a New York TImes reporter wants to ask you a question, then they will identify themselves as being a reporter with the New York Times.  And if I want to introduce myself, I identify myself as a blogger with OneTubeRadio.com.  As discussed below, this might also be a good time to give them your business card.

The second and third blanks require a bit more thought, but they are also quite easy to fill in.  You’re the writer, so you can write about anything you want.  Depending upon the context of where you are, you can chose an article.

For example, let’s say that you are on a train traveling to some destination.  You are going to that destination, and so is the person you want to meet.  So you can write your article about that destination.  You can ask them why they are going to that destination, whether they have been there before, and countless other questions.  Here, you would say, “I’m writing an article about __________, and I’d like to ask some questions about why people are going there.”

For another example, let’s say that you are in a busy airport waiting for your connecting flight.  Everyone has pet peeves about certain airports, and you can ask about these.  Here, you could say something like, “I’m writing an article about O’Hare, and I would like to ask some questions about passengers’ experiences here.”

You can always ask questions about people’s reactions to the place or event where you happen to be.  If you’re leaving a concert and want to talk to another member of the audience, then you can ask, “I’m writing an article about this band and would like to ask some questions of some of their fans.”   You can use this technique anywhere.  If you’re on the street, you can approach a person and say, “I’m writing an article about the condition of the sidewalks, and I’d like to ask some questions about whether people think they are in need of repairs.”  If you’re at the mall, you can approach people and say, “I’m writing an article about this mall, and I’d like to ask some questions about what people think are the best and the worst features.”  If you want to meet someone on the bus, you can ask about their experiences with public transit.

How To Conduct Your Interview

Before you approach the person, you need to come up with the subject of your article, and you need to think of some interview questions to ask.  You might not use them all, and you might think of other questions when you actually start talking with them.  But having a few questions written down will help guide you and prevent any awkward lulls in the conversation.

The beautiful thing about this technique is that you have license to ask some personal questions.  You need to use common sense, but a lot of factors will be relevant when you write your article.  If you’re talking to someone who is traveling, then it’s relevant to ask them whether they’re traveling for business or for pleasure.  If they’re traveling for business, then you can follow up by asking about their job.  If they say that it’s personal travel, then you can follow up with personal questions.  After all, single travelers will have different priorities than families, so it’s logical to ask their marital status.  You can probably ask them how old they are.  You can ask them where they work or where they go to school.

Asking for Their Contact Information

And you can ask them for their name and contact information!  As you’re talking with them, you can jot down some quotes.  They don’t need to be profound observations.  Look at newspaper articles, and you will see that there are often quotes from people about rather mundane things.  Therefore, after you get one or more quotes you might use, it is perfectly normal to ask the person whether you have permission to quote them in your article or blog post.  If they say yes, then the next logical question is to ask their name.  And it’s expected that a reporter will write down the name, and even confirm the correct spelling.

After they have given their name, you can then logically ask for their contact information.  You can tell them that you might want to follow up with them to verify a quote, or that you might think of some follow up questions.  You can then ask for their address, e-mail address, or phone number.

Some people might prefer that they not be quoted in your article, but this should not stop you from asking for their contact information.  You can still tell them that you might like to contact them with follow-up questions.  And you can also offer to send them a copy of your article, either before or after it is published.  Most people will be happy to give you their information.  You’ve already made them feel important by making them an expert.  And they’ll be even more of an expert by being your potential future source for more information about the topic.

The Tools That Add Credibility

ReporterNotebookYou really need nothing tangible to use this networking technique.  You became a writer the moment you decided to become one, and the moment you began your first information-gathering interview.  Having a blog or website of your own is helpful, since it gives you instant credibility.  However, as noted above, this is not absolutely necessary.

Another tool that adds credibility is a business card.  If you have a business card for your regular job, you can use that.  But since you are now a “freelance writer” or “blogger,” it’s probably worthwhile to have some business cards printed with that job title.  You can order inexpensive business cards many places, including Amazon, and these might be a good investment for all of the networking opportunities they will provide.  For an even smaller investment, you can simply order some blank business cards and print them on your own printer.

But the other tool that will give you instant credibility as a writer is a reporter’s notebook such as the one shown here.  Virtually all newspaper reporters use a notebook identical to this one.  In many cases, a reporter employed by a newspaper will have a customized version with the newspaper’s name printed on the cover.  But in many cases, they’ll just use a generic one such as the one shown here.    There are other brands available, but this one, in my opinion, is the best, since the cover prominently contains the word “NEWS,” and even identifies the notebook as being that of a “professional reporter.”  And you can buy them on Amazon at this link.

Having the notebook in your hand is not an absolute necessity, although you will need something with which you can take notes.  It would be possible, for example, to use a smartphone to record the interview, but I would advise against this.  Everyone has a smartphone, and pulling yours out and recording could be seen (correctly, perhaps) as a mere ploy to talk to a stranger.  But the reporter’s notebook  is an item that people would rarely carry with them unless they were really professional writers.  As such, it adds immensely to your credibility and will put your interviewee at ease regarding your intentions.

If there’s any doubt about whether you’re really a writer, as opposed to some nosy person who just wants to ask personal questions, then having this notebook in your hand will put those concerns to rest.  Of course, make sure that you have one or more pens or pencils with you.  You can’t really pass yourself off as a writer if you don’t have anything with which to write.

How to Follow Up With Your New Contact

Since your purpose in becoming a writer was to add to your personal network, you have been successful, and you now have the person’s name and contact information, and they know who you are.  Before contacting them for other purposes, it’s probably a good idea to follow up with them about what you’re writing.  Most reporters don’t follow up with a source unless they need further information.  But there’s no harm in sending the person an e-mail thanking them for the interview.  It will be a nice touch if you contact them in the future.  Your thank you e-mail might also contain a request related to your original reason for contacting them, or you can save that for later.

It’s not required, but after your article is written and/or published, it won’t hurt to send them a copy of the article or a link to where it is published.  You are flattering them by turning them into an expert on the subject of the interview.  So it doesn’t hurt to remind them now that you have done this.

Writing Your Article and What To Do With It

You said that you were a writer, and now that you’ve interviewed your expert, you should really sit down and turn the results into an article.  You’ll lose credibility if your “article” is simply a summary of the interview.  You want to write a relatively credible article about the subject, which will include various sources and observations.  If you refer to the interview or quote them, this should be at a logical point within your article.

If you have a blog or a website, you can then publish the article immediately.  On my page about making money on the internet, I even have ideas on how to monetize your site by adding advertising and affiliate links.  But even if you don’t intend to make money with your website, you should publish your article, since this adds further credibility in the eyes of this new member of your personal or professional network.

Of course, another alternative is to sell the article to a third party.  If you introduced yourself as a freelance writer, then the expectation is that you’ll try to sell the article to a newspaper, magazine, or website.  This is outside the scope of this article, but after you’ve had some practice as a writer, you may wish to consider this option.  Magazines, newspapers, and even websites do pay for articles.  You’ll get some rejection letters, but you’ll also occasionally sell an article, such as my June 2010 QST article (must be logged in to your ARRL account to view link).  In addition to whatever money you receive, you’ll have additional credibility in the eyes of your new networking contact if they are quoted in a published article as being an expert on some subject.

Note:  Many links on this page are affiliate links, meaning that I might be compensated if you click on the link and enter into a transaction.

 



1938 Progressive Receiver

1938AugPMThe young man shown here, now in his early 90’s, is pulling in a strong local broadcast station with the help of a simple crystal set shown in the August 1938 issue of Popular Mechanics.

That, by itself, isn’t particularly remarkable, since a lot of kids constructed a crystal set.  But this young man has the added satisfaction of knowing that within a month, he’ll also be pulling in the weaker stations, and he’ll get loudspeaker volume on those strong stations, when he upgrades the set.  The construction article is actually a two-part article to be continued in the September issue showing two upgrades for the “progressive” receiver.

The first upgrade will replace the crystal detector with a tube.  A few additional parts will be required, but thanks to careful planning, all of the original parts (with the exception of the 12 cent detector) will be re-used.

1938AugPM1And as soon as he gets the one-tube broadcast set going, he’ll be able to get to work on the final upgrade, which will allow him to pull in the short waves by adding a few parts.  The original wooden chassis will be used for all three receivers.

As you can see from the pictorial diagram, the crystal set is a very basic model.  The only interesting angle is that the antenna coil features a primary that can be adjusted by sliding it over the secondary, allowing the set to be peaked for the maximum sensitivity.  When the set is upgraded (using an RK-43 tube), the primary coil becomes the tickler coil of a simple regenerative receiver, with the other half of the tube serving as audio amplifier.  The upgrade to shortwave isn’t shown, but we promise to include it in a later post.



1938 Majestic Charlie McCarthy

1938AugustRadioRetailerEighty years ago this month, the August 1938 issue of Radio Retailing carried this ad for Majestic’s Charlie McCarthy radio. It reminded dealers that the set wasn’t a novelty, but a high-quality six tube radio. The set was to be marketed in theaters, and dealers could reserve their share of the profits by acting fast.

The set is still popular with collectors, and you can see a restoration in progress at this video:



More Planning Advice for Time Travelers

Admittedly it’s unlikely that you’ll need the information, but we occasionally provide useful advice to keep in mind in case you’re ever inadvertently subjected to time travel. If you get caught in a time warp, the experience will be much less unpleasant if you do some minimal preparation.

For example, if you get sent back to the past, your situation would be much improved if you could “invent” some modern technology. Columbus could use some better navigational tools to determine that he had not, in fact, reached India.  Louis XVI would have been more likely to keep his head with a telegraph to better manage the affairs of his kingdom.  Just about wherever and whenever you arrive, you’ll have similar opportunities involving people who would be willing to pay handsomely for bits of technology that you can invent.

We’ve previously written about the importance of having a WikiReader, which holds the contents of the English Wikipedia in a handheld device.  And we’ve written about how to make the most difficult component of a radio receiver, the earphone, from scratch.

We’re confident that most of our readers will do well if they’re ever whisked back into time.

How to Figure Out the Date

In many situations, you’ll be able to determine the date easily.  If you’re in an urban area in the past few centuries, you can simply peek at a newspaper.  You can even  ask people on the street what year it is.  They might give you a funny look, but if more than one person gives you the same answer, it’s a safe bet that they’re telling the truth.  If they’re not clear on the concept of the A.D. scale, then you can determine things such as the name of the king, and use your WikiReader to figure out the year.

But in some cases, this information might not be quite so convenient.  Fortunately, the night sky provides a convenient clock, and with a bit of number crunching, you should be able to figure out the date.

Determining the Day of the Year

The first step is to determine the day of the year, and this is quite easy.  You simply observe the local sunrise and sunset times.  The sunrise and sunset times will be the same from year to year, so you can use a reference for any year.  Just note the time of sunrise and sunset, and see which day they correspond with.  You’ll probably come up with two possible dates, so you might need to check again to see whether the days are getting longer or shorter.  In the Northern Hemisphere, if the days are getting longer, then the date is after December 21 but before June 21.  If the days are getting shorter, then it’s after June 21 but before December 21.  The best source of sunrise and sunset times is probably the Old Farmer’s Almanac, although this information should be available in many places.  You can probably find it somewhere on your WikiReader.  Remember, the year of your source is unimportant, since the data will be about the same from year to year.

Determining the Year

The planets. NASA image.

The planets. NASA image.

Now that you know the month and day, you can move to the next step, namely, figuring out what year it is.  For this, you can use the planets.  The planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn are all visible to the naked eye.  On any given date, each one of them is supposed to be in a particular spot in the sky, in one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac.   You start by finding these planets and noting what constellation they are in.

At this point, you can go to a website such as Your Sky, start punching in the various possible dates, and see which one corresponds to the observed data.  When you get a match, you know the exact date, at least within a few days.  For example, currently (1 August 2018), Mercury is in Cancer, Venus is halfway between Leo and Virgo, Mars is right between Capricorn and Sagittarius, Jupiter is in Libra, and Saturn is between Scorpio and Sagittarius.

So if I knew it was August 1, I would simply use that date, and repeat the process with different years until I found that the planets matched up with what I was seeing in the sky.  In this case, as soon as I plugged in 2018, I would see that it matched, and know that I guessed the year correctly.

How To Do This Without the Internet

Of course, I’m sure that by now you’ve spotted a big flaw in this strategy.  If you have the internet available, then you can just ask the internet what date it is.  But that website, and others like it, merely employ a relatively simple computer program.  You can find all of the information you need to calculate the same positions by using a book such as Practical Astronomy With Your Calculator or Spreadsheet.  It will contain all of the information you need to do the calculations, either with a calculator or computer, or if all else fails, with pencil and paper.  You can buy the book now, before the time warp.

On the other hand, you’re probably thinking that the likelihood of needing such a book is quite small.  If you don’t get stuck in a time warp, then it’s money wasted, and I would have a hard time arguing with you.  In fact, if you get sent back along with a public library, you’ll probably be able to find a similar book there.

You'll want to use the full size version of this chart, which is available, along with complete instructions, at this link.

You’ll want to use the full size version of this chart, which is available, along with complete instructions, at this link.

But there’s still a minimal level of preparation with practically zero cost!  I found this homework assignment from a college astronomy course.  If you print this out before getting sent back in time, it actually includes all the information you will need to calculate the positions of the five visible planets!  It uses a graphical method:  Right there on the worksheet it gives the position of the planets as of a certain date.  You simply calculate how many times each planet will need to go around to reach that date.  After you do the division, the remainder is the portion of one orbit the planet is away from that spot.  You plot the position of both that planet and the Earth on the provided graph, and you can then see where in the sky the planet is located on a given date.

This method is not as precise as the computer programs, but those computer programs are designed to show you exactly where to point your telescope.  You don’t need that level of precision.  By graphing the general location of several planets, you will be able to confirm what year it is.

You should download (or better yet, print) that worksheet now, before the time warp.

Checking Your Work

PrecessionOfEquinoxesTo confirm that you’ve picked the correct year, you might want to use another method.  It’s possible, for example, that all of the planets were in the same position in the sky on today’s date millions of years ago.  The best way to check your work is to use the precession of the equinoxes.  Simply put, the star Polaris is currently located at the North Celestial Pole.  In other words, all of the stars in the sky seem to revolve around this point.  But the celestial pole moves over time, following a 26,000 year cycle.   You’ll want to print the handy chart shown here.  Match up the pole star with the chart, and you’ll know where you are in the cycle.  For example, if you discover that Vega is the pole star, that means the year is approximately 11,000 BC (or maybe 12,000 AD).



1938 Knapsack Portable

1938AugPS1938AugPS2The young man shown here is enjoying radio on the go thanks to the four tube portable knapsack set shown in the August 1938 issue of Popular Science.

Worn like a life jacket, the set allowed the wearer to tune in broadcast stations while biking or hiking. The radio itself is worn in front, with the loop antenna on the back, and with the batteries at the side. Featherweight headphones were recommended for listening long periods without fatigue.

1938AugPS3