Don Leary’s Record Store, Minneapolis, 1947

1947AprRadioRetShown here from 75 years ago are some views of Don Leary’s record store in Minneapolis. These images appeared originally in an issue of the store’s 12-page Don Leary Record News, which went out to over 25,000 people every month.  The image was reprinted in the April 1947 issue of Radio Retailing., and that magazine highlighted the store’s ongoing advertising campaign, and the monthly newspaper was a key part of that advertising. The emphasis was on records bulletins and lists, but also highlighted the other aspects of the store’s business, namely, radio, appliances, and service.

The store had over a quarter million records in stock, and its business philosophy was that the logical place to buy a radio or phonograph was where you bought your records. It was good business, since the satisfied customer would keep coming back for records.

In addition to its own newspaper, Leary reported that the store was the largest user of newspaper advertising space of any record store in the region. He also made a point of having friendly relations with reporters, who came to quote him as the expert in all things involving records. For example, he had recently been quoted in the Minneapolis Star-Journal regarding juke boxes, which he viewed as a good thing for the welfare of city youngsters. (Incidentally, it was an industry in which he was also involved.)

More biographical information about Don Leary can be found at this link.  The store was opened in 1941 at 56 East Hennepin Avenue, on Nicollet Island. That address doesn’t really exist any more, but would be at the spot indicated on the Google Maps image below:

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Nicollet Island, 2022 (Google maps) and 1940. 

The aerial view at the right was taken in 1940, and shows a business district along East Hennepin, the street connected to the mainland by the two bridges. Over the years, East Hennepin was paired up with First Avenue Northeast as complementary one-way streets. On the island, they form a short four-land divided road, and there are no lots directly adjoining it. To the North, there is now a view of De La Salle High School, and to the South, there is now a view of the Nicollet Island Inn, both of which would have been obscured by buildings on East Hennepin in the 1940’s.  Leary’s store would have been one of the buildings on the South side of the street, probably the fourth one from the left.

I write about a lot of people on this site, and I think this is the first time I’ve written about someone who I personally met back in the day. I believe East Hennepin got its current configuration through the island in the early 1970’s, and Don Leary’s was long gone by the time I remember being there. However, from 1971 through 1979, he owned a record store in a small suburban strip mall at 2927 NE Pentagon Drive, St. Anthony, MN.

Despite the small size of that store, he probably still had a quarter of a million records in stock, of all genres. I was looking for something by Jimmie Rodgers, the Singing Brakeman (1897-1933).  I asked Leary, who seemed to run the store as a one-man operation whether he had anything, and he asked me whether I actually meant the unrelated Jimmie F. Rogers, who was born the year the elder Rodgers died. When I let him know that it was the Singing Brakeman I was after, he commented something to the effect that he went way back, but showed me an assortment of his records.

Leary died in 2000 at the age of 92.



End of Civilian Radio Production: 1942

1942AprRadioRetAs we’ve previously reported, civilian radio production in the United States ended for the duration of the war on April 22, 1942.  The graph above, which appeared on the cover of the April 1942 issue of Radio Retailing, showed how critical the radio repairman would be to keep the nation informed.  As of that date, there were 57 million radios in American homes.  In the years prior to the war, about 10 million new sets were made each year, but about 5 million old sets were scrapped by their owners each year, for a net increase of about 5 million.

With the end of production, the supply would remain at 57 million for the duration–but only if every radio was kept in service.  If the prewar trend of 5 million radios per year being scrapped continued, then the number would be as shown in the graph at the right.  And if repair parts became unavailable, then the situation would be even worse.  The supply of radios would plummet, as shown by the steeply declining graph.

The message was clear:  To keep the American public informed, dealers would need to concentrate their efforts on repairs, and manufacturers and the government would need to make sure that repair parts remained available.



1962 One Tube/One Transistor Broadcast Set

1962AprPE1Sixty years ago this month, the April 1962 issue of Popular Electronics carried the plans for this hybrid one-tube/one-transistor receiver for the broadcast band. According to the magazine, the set would provide room-level volume on local broadcast stations, and while not hi-fi, was more listenable than one would expect from such a simple circuit.

The detector used a 12AE6-A tube as grid-leak detector. Since the tube was intended for hybrid car radios, it could run on a very low B+ voltage. In this case, that was 12 volts supplied by a filament transformer. The audio amplification was handled by a 2N231 germanium PNP transistor. The final semiconductor component was a 1N34 diode serving as rectifier.

The tuning coil was wound honeycomb style on a cardboard form. The set was said to pull in the local stations with an 8 foot antenna tucked behind a bookcase.

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1950 Census

Census data about individuals is private for 72 years. I assume that the thinking is that after 72 years, nobody really cares how much money you made or other details of your personal life.  So after 72 years has elapsed, the information becomes public data.

Since census day was April 1, 1950, this means that the data for the 1950 census was made available on April 1, 2022. The census data for 1940 has been available online for ten years, and you can easily search it by many criteria, including name, at this link at Ancestry.com.  (In fact, if you just Google the person’s name and “1940 census,” you’ll probably find the data that way. All of the original images of these records are available at the U.S. Archives website, but they cannot be searched by name on that site.

The images of the original 1950 records are now available at the U.S. Archives, which promises that the records can be searched by name. However, since most of the records are in cursive writing, the OCR process is not yet quite up to the task. However, it promises that the Artificial Intelligence is going to engage in machine learning. In particular, users are requested to transcribe entries, and I believe the thinking is that the AI is going to use these examples to learn the handwriting of individual enumerators, the people who went door to door writing down the data about the people at each house.

If you do try to search by name now, you’ll need to use a little creativity.  In many cases, the last name is transcribed wrong, in which case you probably won’t find it.  But if you search for just the first names in such a case, you might find the household, especially if you can narrow down the location well enough.  But as the 1940 data proves, the searchability of the 1950 data is bound to get much better.

It took some searching, but I found my parents and grandparents. It was necessary, however, to know their address in 1950, at least approximately. Once you know where someone lives, you can find their “Enumeration District” with the interactive map at Ancestry.com.

Armed with this information, you can enter the Enumeration District, County, and State at the Archives.gov website.

You will then find a listing of all of the households in that neighborhood. Most of those listings seem to be about 25 pages long, and they are organized in the order in which the enumerator walked through the neighborhood knocking on doors. After you see which end they started on, it’s usually fairly easy to guess about which page the person of interest is on, and scroll through the pages to find them.

The example above is for then-Congressman Gerald R. Ford at his home in Washington, D.C. Since he was a member of Congress, the information for his household is struck out, with a notation that it will be transferred to his home district in Michigan.

The census contains the basic biographical data for everyone in the country. For about one person out of five, the enumerator was instructed to ask a few additional questions. My mother was one of those five people, and from her entry, I learned that in 1949, she earned a salary of $1600 per year working 41 weeks as a stenographer.



Prismatone Organ: 1947

1947AprRadioCraftThis musician is playing the Prismatone electronic organ, what the April 1947 issue of Radio Craft asserted “promises to be by far the most attractive of all the lower-priced electronic music instruments.” The musician here was highly skilled, as the magazine noted that the instrument required a skilled operator.

The instrument consisted of a projector sending a beam of light through a translucent disc, which projected a rapidly altering pattern. The colors are solely for the benefit of the operator, as the instrument instead depended on the frequency of the pulsating light beam caused by the disc. The two wands contain photocells, and their output is the same frequency as the portion of the light at which they are aimed. Volume can be changed by altering the angle at which each wand was held. The outputs were fed into a high-fidelity audio amplifier.

The magazine noted that for an even more spectacular effect, the musician can wear finger rings with small selenium photocells in lieu of the wands.

The instrument was created by one Mr. Leslie Gould, a “well known Connecticut inventor of many electronic devices,” including “the Sonicator, a radar-like instrument for small boats.” One of Gould’s earlier inventions, part of a tuning mechanism, was at issue in Levy v. Gould, 87 F.2d 524 (C.C.P.A. 1937).



April 1957 Multiband Antenna

1957AprQSTQST often contains cutting-edge technical articles, and the magazine’s April issue often contains the finest. It was no exception 65 years ago, and the April 1957 issue contained an article by prolific contributor Larson E. Rapp, WIOU, regarding the antenna shown above. Rapp noted that ferrite “loopstick” antennas worked well for AM radios, and surmised that they would make excellent multi-band transmitting antennas. He hoisted the model shown here atop his flagpole, and found that it performed exceptionally well.

But Rapp, being the technical genius that he was, carried the idea a step further. He noted that many antenna books depicted an antenna, along with its “image” directly underneath, below the ground. He surmised that if he buried the antenna, then the image would appear above the ground, without the need for any unsightly visible structure. He was able to get down to 35 feet, where he hit bedrock, and he buried the antenna there. He then hoisted a field strength meter up the flagpole, and sure enough, the maximum signal strength was achieved at 35 feet.



90 Year Old Radio Fan: 1922

1922Mar31WilmingtonIn 1832, Andrew Jackson was re-elected President of the United States. It would be twelve years before Morse would demonstrate his electric telegraph between Baltimore and Washington. Slavery still existed in half of the United States, and would for more than thirty years. Abraham Lincoln wasn’t yet a lawyer, but held a bartending license and was about to make an unsuccessful bid for the Illinois General Assembly. Communications with other towns took days, if not weeks. In short, it was a long time ago. But people born that year would listen to the radio in their lifetime. But people born that year would listen to the radio in their lifetime.

But a lot was about to change. The news clipping above appeared in the Wilmington Daily Commercial.

Mrs. Sarah Frederick of Turtle Creek, Pennsylvania, was an avid radio listener. The paper noted that she was an avid listener to the radio chapel services from KDKA, and that she had recently celebrated her 90th birthday. She was totally blind but had frequently expressed her wonder and delight at this product of modern science.

And she was born in 1832.



1982 Grocery Prices

For a snapshot of grocery prices 40 years ago today, this ad for Giant Eagle supermarkets appeared in the Pittsburgh Press on March 30, 1982. Easter was right around the corner, so ham was prominently featured. Depending on brand, they started at 74 cents a pound. For comparison, according to this online inflation calculator, one dollar in 1982 was the equivalent of $2.94 in 2022 dollars. So to get a fair picture, in round numbers, you need to multiply these prices by 3. So a dozen eggs at 56 cents are about the same as $1.50 today. Coke was 99 cents for a 2 liter bottle, the equivalent of almost $3 today.

If you have trouble reading the fine print in the PDF here, you can follow this link to go directly to the ad.



1962 Metal Detector

1962MarElectronicsWorldSixty years ago this month, the March 1962 issue of Electronics World showed how to put together this five transistor metal detector, using either 2N188A or 2N524 transistors. While these PNP germanium transistors are probably no longer manufactured, there are New Old Stock (NOS) specimens still to be found. However, the circuit is quite common in cheap metal detectors, and it’s probably most cost effective just to buy one from one of the links below.

If you’re looking for a very basic kit to build, the final link below is a one-transistor oscillator, which you use in conjunction with an AM radio for a rudimentary metal detector.

This type of metal detector is often sold as a toy, and the kids soon lose interest, or the parents confiscate it because of the annoying squeal. But they can actually work quite will, with just a bit of patience and practice.

This beat-frequency circuit consists of two identical oscillators, both tuned to the same frequency of about 100 kHz. One of them uses a coil mounted inside the case, and the other uses the search coil. When a metallic object comes near the search coil, that oscillator changes frequency. You start by tuning both to the same frequency, meaning that they become “zero beat,” and no sound comes out of the speaker. But when one oscillator changes frequency, and audio tone is heard, its frequency being the difference between the two oscillators. As long as you tune it carefully to zero beat, this type of detector is very sensitive. They’re regarded as toys because most kids don’t bother with the careful tuning part.

The secret of using this type of metal detector is to practice.  Toss some metallic objects on the floor, set the unit so that the tone just barely disappears, and then see how it reacts to those objects.  You’ll normally find that occasional re-tuning is necessary as the batteries get lower.

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Future of Wireless: 1947

1947MarBLSeventy-five years ago this month, the March 1947 issue of Boys’ Life offered scouts some predictions about what wireless communications might look like in the future. The words “handi-talkie” and “walkie-talkie” had entered the lexicon, thanks to military use of portable transceivers, and the magazine predicted that civilians would soon be enjoying their widespread use.

It starts by noting how a radio-equipped newspaper reporter could easily scoop the other papers, but the equipment was getting lighter, smaller, cheaper, and simpler, and the magazine predicted that use would be widespread.

The FCC had already authorized the citizens’ radio service on UHF, and the magazine noted that the FCC had allocated a full “10,000 kilocycles” of spectrum to the service.

The magazine hinted that a link to the telephone network wasn’t far off, and you would soon be able to “make, or receive, phone calls from your family car as you drive along.” You could even call another car!

The magazine did get some things right:

As the things come into common use, there will be a field day for cartoonists and gag writers. All kinds of funny new situations will arise when all of us begin to walk around, carrying on phone conversations as we go.

But, funny or not, the day is bound to come. As someone once remarked, ‘the world do move.’

And they got one more thing mostly right:

Taking one hand off the wheel might constitute a traffic hazard, so there is room for improvement in the equipment. Perhaps our engineers will soon be able to give us a radio telephone that works like a radio microphone and loud speaker. Then the motorist would be able to carry on his conversation simply by touching a button with his left foot, leaving both hands on the wheel. Automatic transmissions are foot eliminating clutches anyway, so the driver’s left foot will be free to take on a new job beside that of just dimming the lights.