Category Archives: Emergency Preparedness

A hundred years ago this month, the February 1925 issue of Science and Invention gave these self-explanatory plans for constructing an emergency foot bridge. It had the advantage of being able to use it as you constructed it, since you pushed each new section into place.

Each support was a pair of jumping poles. You would form them into an “X” shape, and then push them out ahead. Perhaps some student will be inspired to turn this into a science fair project. Or perhaps a scout looking for a good pioneering project might be inspired. (If the water below is deeper than ankle-deep, then the current Guide to Safe Scouting calls for participants to wear a life jacket.)

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Broadcast Station Protection Program, 1984

Shown here is some key station in the Emergency Broadcast System, after it was equipped to stay on the air after a nuclear attack. The diagram appears in a 1984 FEMA publication, Broadcast Station Protection Program, which outlined the program. Much of the hardening would be paid for by the government, such as construction of fallout shelters for station personnel, emergency generators, and remote pickup equipment to link the station back to the EOC.

The cost of stocking the station with food and supplies for the staff was the responsibility of the station owner and licensee. Facilities were designed to be adequate, although austere.

POTA/WWFF/U.S. Islands: Rock Island State Park, WI

Over the Fourth of July weekend, my son and I decided to make a spur-of-the-moment camping trip to Rock Island State Park, Wisconsin, which is at the northern tip of Door County and at the entrance of Green Bay. It’s a state park accessible only by boat. Unless you have your own boat, you take a car ferry from the mainland to Washington Island, drive across that Island, park your car, and then take a passenger ferry to Rock Island. No reservations are required for either ferry, and they add as many boats as necessary to accommodate the traffic. We bought a round trip on both ferries at the dock, and the cost was about $90 for one car and two passengers.

The campground is about a quarter mile from the boat landing, and the park provides carts, shown here, to move your stuff. My son did the hauling, and we quickly had our campsite, which was right on the shore of Lake Michigan, set up.

Like most state park campgrounds, sites fill up fast, especially on a holiday weekend. But when I checked two days before arrival, there were sites available for both Friday and Saturday night. They were different sites, meaning we would have to move after the first night. But fortunately, the occupants of one of the sites had left early, and after checking with the campground host and warden, we were allowed to have the same site both nights.

QRP Labs image.

Of course, it wouldn’t be a camping trip without bringing a radio, and I brought along the QRP Labs QCX Mini, shown here. This is a handheld CW transceiver for one band (in my case, 40 meters). For the power supply, I brought along my fish finder battery, which I also used to charge my cell phone. (We did have good cell phone service from most of the island, including the campground, through Boost Mobile. My son, on the other hand, who has service through Tello, had no signal, so your mileage might vary.)

I made a total of 33 radio contacts over the course of a couple of hours, covering the eastern half of North America, from Quebec to Georgia. If I had stayed up later, I would have been able to work the western United States. But 40 meters covers long distances best at night, and I shut down around local sunset, meaning the West Coast didn’t have a chance to work me. Ideally, I would have been on 20 meters as well for some daytime contacts, but I wanted to keep the station size and weight to a minimum. The complete log is shown below.

I used my usual antenna, namely, a dipole supported by my trusty golf ball retriever leaning against the picnic table, with the two 33-foot wires extending out from the table. The wires were actually just draped over tree branches. You don’t need an elaborate antenna to get out well. Despite the various reasons that it shouldn’t work (too low, touching trees, etc.), it got out very well.

You will notice that many of the contacts are with 1×1 call signs who, along with WM3PEN, were taking part in the 13 Colonies special event. If you are doing a park activation during a similar event or contest, that’s always a good opportunity to put some contacts in the log.

Our campsite

Other notable contacts included WB8IZM, who was operating from another park, Potagannissing Flooding Wildlife Management Area near Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and KB0HXL, who was operating from his car in Indiana.

I’ve always enjoyed operating from remote locations with portable equipment, an activity which has gotten easier over the years with the advent of radios such as the QCX. It’s also become a very popular activity. Starting in 2016, the National Parks On The Air (NPOTA) activity was extremely popular, and after it ended, many American hams continued, thanks to the WWFF (World Wide Flora and Fauna in Amateur Radio) activity that had started to enjoy popularity in Europe. Shortly thereafter, a separate program, Parks On The Air (POTA) has become extremely popular. In addition, since I was on an Island, I was able to participate in the U.S. Islands Award Program. I was able to hand out contacts for all three programs. I didn’t make the required 44 contacts to make it an official activation for WWFF, but I was able to meet the minimums for both POTA and US Islands. If I had been able to get on 20 meters, I’m sure I would have made many more contacts, but as it was, I was able to give credit for a fairly rare park.

And even though we had cell phone coverage (except for a brief outage on Sunday morning), it’s reassuring to know that, in case of emergency, we have a reliable method of communications with the outside world.

Rock Island was originally developed as the vacation getaway of inventor Chester Thordarson, founder of the transformer company that bears his name. He built the iconic boathouse shown here, which serves as the terminal for the passenger ferry. The campground is located about a quarter mile away, with a more distant backpacking campground somewhat further away. We also hiked to Pottawatomie Light , Wisconsin’s oldest lighthouse, dating to 1836. The lighthouse is about 1.5 miles from the campground.

With carts available, setting up camp on foot was relatively easy. Unlike backpacking, where you have to consider every ounce, the carts made the trip fairly easy. It would have worked a bit better to bring a wagon from home, since we could have just packed it once before getting on the ferry. Also, the provided carts were somewhat heavy, and a wagon probably would have been a bit easier to move. Large wheels are important, because the paths on Rock Island are, well, rocky. I was initially thinking of just packing things in a roll-on suitcase, but this would have been a bad choice, since the wheels would have just been too small. We used an inexpensive tent and air mattress. The ground is covered with roots and rocks, so some kind of pad is a must.

Flush toilets are available near the boathouse, and the campground has vault toilets. Drinking water is available near the boathouse. We realized on the way that we hadn’t brought a water container, so we just bought a one-gallon jug of water and filled it as needed. Firewood is available on the island for $7 (cash only), We used that for most of our cooking, although I did some of it on the emergency stove I previously reviewed. I discovered that four fuel tablets were about enough to boil enough water for oatmeal and coffee. We had only a very small cooler, so for the first night, we cooked some brats on the fire, but on the second day, we ate packaged food such as ramen noodles, to which you just add hot water. Another convenient meal choice was a prepared meal such as Hormel Compleats. These avoid any cleanup, since you can just put the sealed meal in a pot of hot water. Packets of meat such as the pulled pork we previously reviewed are also easy to cook this way.

There is a very small camp store on Rock Island, but other than a few bags of chips and a few Clif bars, they don’t sell food or camping supplies. It’s mostly souvenirs and apparel. So you do need to plan ahead. But as long as you do your minimal planning, Rock Island provides an opportunity to easily do some camping completely off the grid.

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I’ve Fallen And I Can’t Get Up: 1973 Antecedent

Over a decade before Mrs. Fletcher (played by actress Dorothy McHugh) famously told the world that he had fallen and can’t get up, London engineer Douglas Wells, presumably shown in the dramatic re-enactment shown here, was at work on the problem. An elderly neighbor had tripped and fallen down the stairs of her home. She was found three days later, dead. This inspired Wells to come up with the early prototype shown here. It consisted of a mat which was placed at the bottom of the stairs. If someone fell down the stairs and landed on the mat, it would trigger an alarm bell and lighted “HELP” sign outside the house.

This would, of course, be a great benefit if someone fell on that particular stairway. But it would be of no help if some casualty afflicted the person elsewhere in the house. So the wireless device worn around the neck, hooked up to the telephone line, is probably a better solution.

For those in need of such a system, the first point of inquiry is often your local hospital, some of which provide these systems free of charge. If that’s not an option, one alternative is a medical alert service. They typically supply the equipment at no cost, but provide the service for about $20 per month. So if the person requiring assistance pushes the button, like Mrs. Fletcher, they will speak directly to an operator who will summon the required assistance. You can find a comparison of the available services at this link.

Another option is to purchase equipment similar to that shown here.
It consists of a base unit that connects to the normal landline telephone. If either of the panic buttons is pushed, it automatically dials up to three telephone numbers and plays a prerecorded message. The advantage of this type of system is that the caller ID information is displayed at the other end. So if it’s set to call 911, then the 911 dispatcher will know the location of the emergency. However, it’s probably best to program it to dial the numbers of friends or relatives who can intervene in emergencies, which may or may not warrant 911.

The third option is a system similar to the one shown here.
This small unit is actually a cellular phone. It relies upon the fact that all cellular phones in the U.S., whether or not activated, are required to be able to call 911. In this case, 911 is the only number it will call. The disadvantage is that, since it is not an activated phone, the 911 dispatcher probably won’t have access to your location. But as long as the owner is able to speak, they will be able to tell the dispatcher where they are, and what the emergency is. The phone is turned off until the button is pushed, so batteries (normal AAA batteries) will last a long time, and only need to be replaced once a year or so.

A final option for anyone potentially in need of such assistance is any cellular phone. Again, even if the phone is not activated, it can be used to call 911. One disadvantage is that it does require the user to affirmatively dial 911, which might be difficult in an emergency. Also, batteries need to be charged on a regular basis, which means it’s not something that can simply be forgotten until needed. But since most people have old cell phones lying around, it is a zero-cost option. If you’re worried about someone, simply asking them to put an old phone in their pocket gives some assurance that they can call for help, even if they can’t access their normal phone. In fact, it’s not a bad idea to keep an old phone, along with a 12 volt cord, in your car as a backup communications method in an emergency.

The picture at the top of the page of the 1973 system is from the November 1973 issue of Elementary Electronics.

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1923 Safety Tip

This illustration appeared in Popular Science a hundred years ago this month, November 1923. And it’s still not bad advice. We sometimes say that when doing electrical work, among other precautions, you should keep one hand in your pocket. If one hand inadvertently comes in contact with high voltage, you don’t want to be touching a metallic object with the other hand, because the current will pass through your heart.

The light switch you’re flipping today is UL Listed, and nothing could possibly go wrong, right? We’re sure for the Chinese manufacturer, your safety is the paramount concern. But still, it’s not a bad idea to make sure you’re not touching anything else when you reach for a light switch, or anything else that’s potentially energized.

The Importance of Owning a Radio

Gaza, 2023. Wikimedia image.

We’ll refrain from taking sides for the moment. (We definitely have a side, which we’ll undoubtedly explain later), but the the recent headlines from the Israel-Gaza war highlight the importance of having, at a minimum, some sort of radio receiver as part of your preparations for disaster.

According to this news report, the cutoff of telephone and internet service in Gaza means that “for those who have them, radios have become the sole link to the outside world.” Even though I’ve come to expect it, the words “for those who have them” highlights a fundamental misunderstanding that much of the public has. They have, in their pocket, a device that will bring them all of the information in the world. So perhaps it’s not surprising that an inferior device, a simple AM-FM radio receiver, is viewed as not necessary.

But as the current situation in Gaza makes clear, your receipt of information via the internet depends upon the kindness of strangers. If the internet is cut off, then so is your source of information. But in the meantime, hundreds of radio signals, some of which contain reliable information, are landing at your feet. You simply need a receiver to pick them up.

To get some idea of what you would be able to hear on a radio in the Middle East, this link goes to an internet-connected receiver in Kuwait, and this link goes to one in Cyprus, which seems to be the closest one available. But most of the strong medium wave stations you hear on that receiver could also be picked up in Gaza at night. And if you tune the shortwave dial, there are many more stations available. Undoubtedly, some of the stations you pick up will be filled with propaganda. But reliable information is available from sources such as the BBC.

In short, you needn’t be in a total information blackout, but it requires some minimal preparation. An inexpensive shortwave receiver like the one shown here would let you know what’s going on in the outside world, no matter how much the other side tries to cut you off. It doesn’t draw much current, so a box of batteries would keep it running more or less indefinitely. And there are also many solar and hand crank radios available.

And even if you don’t prepare, remember that most cell phones sold in the United States include an FM receiver, which doesn’t require any kind of connectivity.

Incidentally, it’s interesting that the article equates listening to the radio for news with burning furniture for heat. I wonder if they got that idea from us.

Field Day 2023: Greenberg Island, Wm. O’Brien State Park, MN

This past weekend was ARRL Field Day, an operating event in which Amateur Radio operators set up in the field and see how many contacts they can make with portable equipment. It’s mostly a fun activity, but it also serves as a test of emergency capabilities. For many, this involves hauling large equipment, often powered by a gasoline generator, and setting up large antennas. Often, large groups are involved in these operations. It’s been around since 1933, so this year’s running marked the 90th anniversary.

I prefer a simpler approach, and set out by myself or a smaller group with equipment that I can easily carry and quickly set up. This year, instead of just driving to a park, I decided to operate from an island accessible only by boat. In particular, I operated from Greenberg Island in the St. Croix River, part of William O’Brien State Park, Minnesota. The plan was for my wife and I to do the operation, bringing our canoe from home.

Setting up one end of my antenna. I’m breaking of a stick which I used as a stake to anchor it in the sand.

The initial weather reports didn’t look promising, so we decided not to take the canoe, and instead just operate from the mainland. But while driving there, the weather looked fine, so we decided to rent a canoe and activate the island as originally planned.

The island has been part of the park since 1958. When I was a kid, there was a pedestrian bridge linking it to the mainland, with a trail covering part of the island. Exploring the island was always a fun part of a trip to the park. The bridge is long gone, and the only way to access it is by boat. I did check first, and it’s perfectly legal to land there, although it is posted “No Camping.” And not having been there for about 50 years, it was fun to explore the island again, but there was no trace of the old trails.

There were a few human footprints on the beach, but not many. At the beach where we landed, there were deer footprints, as well as either a dog or a wolf. The only other sign of humans was a fairly recent mylar balloon reading “happy birthday” which had landed in the brush just off the beach. I inspected it carefully to see if it carried a note. Unfortunately it didn’t, so I just picked it up and took it to a trash can on the mainland.

I was on the air from about 3:30 – 5:00 PM, and the weather held up fine. It started looking like rain and we headed back. We had a few drops of rain, but it didn’t start pouring until we had just left the park on the way home.

We found a beach on the east side of the island, and set up there. I used the QCX Mini, running 5 watts on 40 meter CW, and worked about 20 contacts. The antenna was an inverted vee supported my trusty golf ball retriever shoved into the sand and leaning against a tree. The power source was a fish finder battery. I did purchase it new for Field Day, since the previous one was showing signs of wear after 7 years of abuse.

I forgot to bring a folding chair (although my wife remembered hers and was able to relax while I operated). The fallen tree shown above served as a suitable substitute.

Heading home. KC0OIA at the bow, W0IS at the stern.

Best DX was Alabama, I believe. In addition to working Field Day, I submitted the logs for Parks On The Air (POTA), WWFF-KFF, and U.S. Islands Awards Program. This is the first time the island has been activated, and since we went over the magic number of 15 QSOs, it will count as being “qualified” for that program.

Thanks to the stations shown below, some at home, and some out in the field, for pulling in my 5 watt signal. If you look carefully, you’ll see three dupes. All of my logging is pencil and notebook, so sometimes it’s hard to remember who I just worked.

Will I ever save the world with my communications abilities? Probably not. But it’s good to know that with equipment I can carry with me, just a few minutes setting up, and a battery found in any car, I could get messages out to my friends and relatives in case of disaster, and could do the same thing for my neighbors.

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When Wires Are Down: 1948

There was a time when electronic communications meant wires running from city to city. In the United States, these were the telephone lines owned by The Phone Company, or telegraph lines owned by Western Union. If those lines were knocked down due to some kind of natural disaster, then whole communities could be cut off from the rest of the world.

When that happened, Amateur Radio might serve as the only link. And 75 years ago this month, the June 1948 issue of QST announced that Western Union had reinstated a cooperative program with the ARRL to ensure that hams were available as backup “when wires are down.” It was a reinstatement because Amateur Radio had been off the air during the War, and the program originally dated to 1939, as announced in the June 1939 issue of QST.

Image, 1950 Handbook.

The ARRL was able to “give W.U. a list of Emergency Coordinators (EC), so in any pinch, the W.U. local managers will know who to call upon for coordinated information on the active amateur stations, radio schedules, points in radio nets, local emergency-powered outlet, and so on, so
necessary emergency traffic might be filed.” For their part, Amateurs were encouraged to fill out ARRL Form 7 and give it to their EC to sign up as members of the Amateur Emergency Corps. In fact, the blank forms were available at Western Union offices, and could even be dropped off there, with Western Union routing the forms back to ARRL headquarters.

In reports of disasters, it wasn’t uncommon to read that hams had assisted Western Union when the lines were down. For example, during the 1940 Armistice Day Blizzard, Sherm Boen of Albert Lea handled traffic for the railroad, since a dispatcher in southern Minnesota needed permission from Minneapolis before sending a snowplow north.

These days, it’s unlikely (but not totally inconceivable) that the normal telecommunications networks will fail completely. In addition to ground-based lines, there are multiple satellite options available for linking various communities. So it’s unlikely that an internet service provider or phone company will call hams for assistance with restoring their networks.

However, it’s not unheard of for individuals and families in areas hit by disasters to be cut off from the outside world. The ability to send a short message to family or friends in other states could be a major morale booster, and could be extremely helpful in reuniting families separated by disasters. Hams spend an inordinate amount of time trying to find a “served agency” to whom they can offer their services. But radio communications today isn’t exactly rocket science, and those agencies can probably have communications in place operated by their own personnel.

But hams still have a major strength, and that is the fact that they are widely dispersed around the country, mostly in residential areas. In other words, if there is a local or regional disaster, they are already there, and they can begin communicating immediately. As exercises such as Field Day and Winter Field Day prove, they can be on the air immediately, even if power is out, and even if part of their station is damaged. A wire antenna can be put up almost anywhere, hooked up to an HF rig and car battery, and communications are immediately established. Even the most modest of VHF rigs can provide local communications with other hams.

It seems to me that individual hams should figure out how they can serve their neighbors in time of emergency. In my case, I will simply make it known, perhaps with a sign in the front yard, that I can send short messages to anyone, just about anywhere, via Amateur Radio. I have multiple radios that can be pressed into service, and all I need is some wire to build an antenna. For power, I have multiple options, such as a car battery, flashlight batteries, or a solar panel. I can be on the air almost immediately, and stay on the air more or less indefinitely. I don’t need any agency to serve. My license is the only authorization I need to offer my services to my neighbors.

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