Monthly Archives: May 2018

1928 Soviet Micro DS Tubes

1928MayRadioVsem1928MayRadioVsem2I’m not sure what the difference is between a “Micro” tube and a “Micro DS” tube, but apparently it was a big difference, and the Micro DS was much better, as shown by the illustration above, which appeared on the cover of the May 1928 issue of the Soviet magazine Радио Всем (Radio Vsem, Radio All) magazine.  The smaller illustration at the left was inside the magazine, and made clear that the DS had the upper hand.

The issue contained two receivers using the Micro DS tube, including the two-tube reflex set shown here.

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The issue also carried detailed plans for constructing the variable tuning coil shown below:

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WBOS Boston, 1943: The Truth Shall Make Them Free

1943May17BC75 years ago today, the May 17, 1943, issue of Broadcasting carried this ad by Westinghouse regarding its shortwave outlet, WBOS Boston.

The illustration shows some listeners, presumably clandestine ones, tuned into the station, with the lofty caption that the truth will set them free.

The ad explains that untold millions in occupied Europe might be listening to the short waves bringing them truth, works of hope and promise. Westinghouse had 22 years of shortwave experience, and brought the same crystal-clear and trustworthy programs to domestic audiences on it broadcast stations, WOWO, WGL, WBZ, WBZA, KYW, and KDKA.

More information about WBOS can be found at our earlier post.



Listening In On Enemy Trenches: 1918

1918MayElecExpThis diagram appeared a hundred years ago this month in the May 1918 issue of Electrical Experimenter, and explains why users of field telephones in the trenches had to maintain security in their communications, even though there was no possibility that the line was tapped.

The diagram shows the Germans listening in on the Americans’ telephones, but it could just as easily be the other way around. By running a line parallel to the other side’s line, it was possible to pick up the conversation inductively. A powerful amplifier might be used, but in many cases, it was possible to listen in with an ordinary telephone receiver hooked to both ends of the line.



1938 U.S. Radio Census

Screen Shot 2018-05-14 at 12.18.17 PMEighty years ago today, the May 15, 1938, issue of Broadcasting carried this snapshot of the adoption of radio in the United States, including figures broken down by state and county.

Nationwide, 26,666,500 homes had a radio, representing 82% of the nation’s families. The highest adoption was in California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, with 95% of households having a radio. Mississippi brought up the rear, with only 42% of the state’s households having a radio.

Minnesota was well served by radio. 93% of urban households and 77% of the rural had a radio, for a statewide rate of 85%.



Portable Radio Rental, 1948

1948MayRadioNewsShown here on the cover of the May 1948 issue of Radio News is Diane VanDusen. But the radio isn’t hers. It’s a rental, and the magazine provides some pointers for radio dealers thinking of getting in on the lucrative portable radio rental market.

The article details the experiences of a radio dealer in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn, New York. He reported great results simply from positioning himself in front of his store on Coney Island Avenue with a sign reading “Portable Radios for Rent.” He charged 35 cents an hour, with a $1 minimum, and reported being sold out every sunny day.

The article stressed that an over-emphasis on security would be conterproductive, since the secret of success was a volume business, and being able to quickly get the transaction over with was key. The sets were marked in large letters “Brighton Rental,” but the dealer required only payment of the fee, as well as a glance at some identification. Despite the casual nature of the transaction, he reported zero thefts.

A batteries were reported to last a couple of days, with B batteries needing replacement every hundred hours or so. Therefore, cost of batteries was a small percentage of the fee.

The dealer reported that he also benefited from sales of portables, since the rental system allowed prospective customers to check out a portable, which listed for $39.50.

Miss VanDusen rented her radio from some other dealer, since she was relaxing at the beach in Florida.  She was one of the famous Aqua-maids at Cypress Gardens in Winter Park, Florida, now part of Legoland Florida.



Mamas, Don’t Let Your Babies…

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…grow up to be–er, I mean, suck on telephone cords.

As a public service announcement, we bring you this reminder, which originally appeared in Popular Science a hundred years ago this month, May 1918.

There was apparently at that time a veritable epidemic of babies sucking on phone cords. According to the magazine, a woman called the complaint office of the phone company to report a malfunction in her instrument.  The phone company employee, who had apparently heard it all, immediately suggested that the customer check the cord of her phone to see if there was a dark and wet spot.

The customer confirmed that it was wet, and indignintaly replied, “baby was playing with the cord this morning and took it in her mouth, sucking at it for a while. Surely there can be no harm and that.”

The complaint clerk, according to the magazine, “had heard the same story many times,” callously told the woman to have the baby knock it off.

Insulation quality is probably better these days. But still, you shouldn’t let your baby suck on any kind of electrical cord. And if someone suggests otherwise, please don’t indignantly tell them that there’s nothing wrong with it.



Irving Vermilya, W1ZE 1890-1964

1938VermilyaEighty years ago this month, the May 1938 issue of Radio News carried a biography of Irving Vermilya, W1ZE, who had a rather compelling claim as being the first amateur radio operator. Not only did he have the first license, but he got his first receiver from Marconi himself, before there was even anything on the air to listen to.

In 1901, after hearing that Guglielmo Marconi had received the letter S across the Atlantic by wireless, the eleven-year-old Vermilya, then of Mt. Vernon, NY, was determined to visit Marconi in Newfoundland. According to the 1938 article and later accounts, Vermilya’s parents granted permission after the family minister, Dr. Charles H. Tyndell, offered to accompany him, and Vermilya traveled to Newfoundland and attended a presentation put on by Marconi. Marconi took notice of the young man in the midst of scientists and engineers, and gave him a coherer and tapper, which he took home and assembled into a receiver.

Vermilya’s own account, however, in two 1917 QST articles, is slightly less dramatic.  Vermilya mentions nothing about a trip to Newfoundland or a personal audience with Marconi.  Instead, he reports that the minister eventually contacted Marconi and obtained the parts, which he passed along to young Vermilya.

1938Vermilya2But one way or another, Vermilya got a receiver from Marconi.  There were yet no transmitters on the air, but Vermilya was assured that the set was working, since he could detect the ringing of doorbells up and down the street.

In 1907, Vermilya took his first job in radio aboard the steamer Caracas to South America. He went on to serve as general manager of press station WCC, and later other marine, broadcast, and police stations. By 1937, his home contained the 175 foot mast shown here, which was reportedly visible for miles.

Vermilya’s claim as the first amateur was strengthened by the fact that he was also the first licensed amateur. When the government began licensing in 1912, he hurried to the Brooklyn Navy Yard where he was issued “Certificate of Skill” number 1.

Vermilya died in 1964 at the age of 73.

References

 



History of “Handle” and “Skip”

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In a January 2018 editorial, former ARRL CEO Tom Gallaher, NY2RF, wound up with a bit of egg on his face by asking readers whether the term “handle just set your teeth on edge? It makes mine grind. It’s on my top-ten list with ‘good buddy,’ and it conjures up visions of bears and green stamps,” presumably because it originated on CB.

He tells how he wrote to CBS-TV to tell them that “to a ham radio operator, handle is an odious term because, not only do hams not use “handles,” we also regard the term and the practice as belonging to lesser practitioners than ourselves.”

Unfortunately, Gallaher set a few teeth on edge himself, since the term handle predates CB by decades, and has long been in use by hams as a synonym for name, as evidenced by the clip shown above from Radio News, May 1938.

Occasionally, I hear similarly misguided commentary that the term skip is similar taboo as having allegedly originated on 11 meters. This myth should also be put to rest, as shown from the clip below from the same magazine:

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1958 Self-Driving Car

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James P. Butler was a little bit ahead of his time, as evidenced by this article in the May 1958 issue of Popular Electronics.  We think of the self-driving car as a modern phenomenon, but Butler was developing an early prototype sixty years ago.

Butler’s car allowed the driver to relax at the wheel, while the car itself took care of many of the mundane aspects of driving.  The car stayed on the road by monitoring the crown of the road.  If the vehicle drifted to one side, hydraulic cylinders steered the tie rods back into the lane.  One minor glitch, that Butler was sure he could work out, was RFI from strong transmitters.  If a police car keyed up, this might override the system.  Of course, if a police car was in the vicinity, it was probably best for the driver to put his hands back on the wheel.  Sonar would allow the vehicle to brake automatically if an obstacle was encountered.

Control was effected by means of a TV channel selector.  What could possibly go wrong?



1948 IBM Computer

1948MayRadioCraftSeventy years ago this month, the cover of the May 1948 issue of Radio Craft showed the latest in electronic computing equipment, this 12,000 tube electronic brain, the IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator.

Along with those 12,000 tubes, the computer contained 21,400 relays and 40,000 pluggable connections.  Power consumption was about 180 kilowatts, and the machine had an extensive fire suppression system built in.  The accompanying article began with an example of computing the position of the moon, given a starting point of December 31, 1899. This task would take a human about three weeks, but the IBM was able to crank out the calculations in a mere seven minutes.

The computer covered the walls of a specially designed room measuring 40.6 by 86.6 by 14 feet. In a minute, it was capable of 3500 additions or subtractions of 19 digit numbers, 50 multiplications or 30 divisions of 14 digit numbers. Logarithms and trigonometric functions were stored on magnetic tape, and when one of these functions was required, the required value was looked up from the table prerecorded on the tape. Punched cards or magnetic tape were used for storage and input and output.

Memory during the arithmetic functions was handled by trigger circuits using ordinary 12SN7 dual triode tubes.

According to IBM President Thomas J. Watson, “this machine will assist the scientist in institutions of learning, in government, and in industry, to explore the consequences of man’s thought to the outermost reaches of time, space, and physical conditions.”  But the machine “cannot, and never will, replace the human scientist as its purpose is only to follow his commands.  If the incorrect instructions are given to it, it will follow them.  The scientist is supreme over the great electronic calculator, which is his child to assist him in exploring the ever-profound depths of science.”