Savannah, Georgia, in the wake of the hurricane. AP photo, Milwaukee Journal, August 12, 1940.

Seventy-five years ago today, the South Atlantic coast of the U.S. was struck by what was described as the worst hurricane in several years. The storm probably formed in Cape Verde, and was first witnessed on August 5 between St. Martin and St. Thomas. It brought squalls of wind and rain to San Juan, Puerto Rico, before strengthening and turning northward. It then began moving westward toward the mouth of the Savannah River near Beaufort, South Carolina, which experienced hurricane-force winds on the 11th.

The hurricane warnings first went up in Charleston on early Sunday morning, August 11. The Charleston Amateur Radio Club was mobilized under the leadership of its president E. Linwood Sykes, W4AFQ. Critically, the group was lacking any emergency powered equipment, and a decision was made to move to a location where power was available. Member James Gantt, W4DFC, was an employee of South Georgia Power Company, and he secured a location adjoining a steam plant and made arrangements to run a temporary power line.

The hams carried equipment through two blocks of waist-deep water to the location and set up the equipment and antennas. Unfortunately, because of 75 MPH winds, the utility was unable to run the temporary power line. Fortunately, a nearby building with a substation had power available, and the equipment was moved again through water being blown from the river in sheets.

By 4:20 PM, the 40-meter station was on the air, and the operators attempted to make a scheduled contact with Savannah. However, power was already out in Savannah. Contact was made with U.S. Navy station NAO, and after shifting to 80 meters, traffic was flowing by Sunday afternoon.

A 160 meter ‘phone station owned by Dr. T.W. Zeigler, W4PG/W4CUS was also put into service. The first messages transmitted on 160 meters requested three line crews for the power company.

Since local telephone service was out of order, messages were initially relayed by wading through the tidewater to cars parked two blocks away. Messages were then taken to their destination. Later, Alexander McGaillard, W4GOQ and W4PG/W4CUS rigged up a low-power battery transmitter for the police department’s 1.7 MHz station, WCPD, and the police station was used to relay traffic between the city and the hams back at the power plant. Over 500 messages were handled, including Red Cross, press, power and telephone company, and personal messages.

Unfortunately, the South Carolina Governor Burnet R. Maybank erroneously stated in a radio broadcast that “unfounded lies” were being transmitted by amateur radio. However, the report in question had not been transmitted by amateur radio. Instead, it had been transmitted by a local broadcast station from its mobile unit on a frequency of 1670 kHz.

References

• 1940 South Carolina Hurricane at Wikipedia.
• Southeast Hurricane – August 10-18 1940 at NOAA.gov
• Atlantic Coast Amateurs Render Emergency Service, QST, Oct. 1940.

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This chart from 75 years ago, taken from the 1940 edition of the Radio Handbook, shows the bands available to U.S. hams in the days right before the war.  The bands are recognizable, and 80 and 40 have the same band edges they do today.  160 meters had just undergone a shift.  It is shown on the chart as covering 1715-2000 kHz, but the note at the bottom reveals that the band was expanded slightly to cover 1750-2050 kHz.

20 meters was slightly wider than it is today, extending up to 14.4 MHz, but 15 meters wasn’t assigned to amateurs until after the war.  Ten meters was slightly larger than today, extending up to 30 MHz.  As a compensation for losing the top 300 kHz after the war, hams were given the 11 meter band for about a decade until it was assigned to the CB service.

In the VHF spectrum, hams were assigned 56-60 MHz (5 meters), 112-116 MHz (2 – 1/2 meters), 224-230 MHz (1 – 1/4 meters), and 400-401 MHz (3/4 meters). The highest class of license (Class A) carried ‘phone privileges on 80 and 20 meters. All classes of license could use ‘phone on 160 and 10, while 40 meters was reserved for CW exclusively. Unlike today, the restrictions for lower classes of license related to mode only, and not to frequency. Class B and C licensees were allowed to operate on the 80 and 20 meter ‘phone bands, but they were limited to CW operation on those segments.

The bands above 30 MHz were open to all modes for all. FM was limited to frequencies above 58.5 MHz.

Interestingly, below 30 MHz, facsimile operation was permitted only on 160 meters, but was permitted by lower classes of license in the CW portion of the band.

The chart showed the harmonic relationships between the bands, and even noted the corresponding fundamental frequencies for particular band segments of the higher bands.

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If you wanted to learn how to type 75 years ago, the mere fact that you didn’t own a typewriter was no obstacle. For a mere two dollars, you could get yourself a Tuch-Rite, shown here. The Tuch-Rite was advertised in many publications, and the ad shown here appeared in Short Wave and Television magazine, August 1940.

The Tuch-Rite consisted of a cardboard typewriter keyboard, with cutouts for each letter.  Underneath each cutout was a sliding plastic piece.  The patented Tuch-Rite came with an eight-page book that promised to let you master the typewriter in no time.

The Tuch-Rite apparently held on for quite some time.  This typewriter blog shows a nicely preserved specimen from 1957.  In the 1950’s, the Tuch-Rite apparently came with a phonograph record with which the whole family could learn how to type, as a smiling mother and children are shown on the cover mastering the art of typing.

That site also includes a scan of the booklet, which comes with a stern warning not to move too quickly to a real typewriter:  “Do not attempt to practice on a typewriter until you have mastered the TUCH-RITE lesson completely.  Remember that TUCH-RITE is your learning instrument; the typewriter is your writing instrument.”

And sure enough, the Tuch-Rite is patented, as US Patent 2141747, which lists the inventor as Philip S. Gross.

I doubt if there’s much of a market for the Tuch-Rite these days, since almost everyone has a box full of old keyboards in their garage.   But cardboard technology did not end with the Tuch-Rite.  In a future post, we’ll take a look at the CARDIAC cardboard computer.

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When I show vintage electronics projects on this site, it’s usually just for the nostalgia value, since the modern replacement is usually much better and much cheaper than recreating the old version. Today’s project, however, turns out to be an exception. It’s such a niche product that there’s really not much available off the shelf. Forty years ago this month, August 1975, Popular Electronics carried the plans for this electronic scoreboard-timer for use in athletic events. The display could be toggled between showing the score or showing the time, and the clock could count either up or down. There was provision for adding a horn to sound when the clock got to zero.

The display board shown here measured 48 by 14 inches, and would be easily visible in a large gymnasium. But the entire device, including the display, was homemade, and it could easily be adapted to a larger size.

Interior detail of the display.

The individual digits each contained seven 7.5 watt christmas tree bulbs, along with two extra bulbs to serve as the colon when the time was being displayed. Each segment was turned off and on by a relay, making the basic design adaptable to an even larger scoreboard.

The guts of the unit consisted of 24 integrated circuits, most 74xx series TTL. The unit included a power supply (which used the AC power at timer for the clock) for the TTL voltages, and the lamps in the display unit ran directly off 120 volts.

The article billed the parts as costing about $100. Most of the parts (or modern equivalents) should be readily available from suppliers such as Jameco Electronics, probably for less money.  While the price of a complete comparable scoreboard is probably lower today than it was forty years ago, a comparable one such as the one shown here is still considerably more expensive than the component parts for making one yourself.

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Based upon the available photographic evidence, the conclusion seems inescapable that American girls of the 1920’s spent most of their time at the beach listening to the radio. Here, we see another piece of evidence supporting that proposition, from Wireless Age magazine of August 1925.  This young lady, according to the caption, is listening to her Radiola portable between dips at the seashore.

According to the accompanying article, there was more interest in summertime radio than there had ever been before.  In addition to being the perfect adjunct to swimming, it also went perfectly with boating, motoring, picnics, or the “nineteenth hole” at the golf course.

For use while boating, the article gave a number of ideas for dealing with the question of erecting an antenna and ground.  For a larger craft, a suitable aerial could be erected from the mast.  But for smaller craft, the article suggested the arrangement shown here, the general principle of which should be self-explanatory.

 
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Seventy-five years ago, the August 1940 edition of Popular Science provided an admittedly ingenious solution to a nonexistent problem, in the form of this one-control radio.  The set is a rather unremarkable crystal detector followed by a one-tube audio amplifier.  In other words, it will pull in about as many stations as any other crystal set, only louder.

The gimmick is that the set has but one control, a tuning knob combined with an on-off switch.  In other words, instead of turning the set off by clicking the volume control (which it doesn’t have), you turn it off by rotating the tuning control to the bottom of the dial.

This was accomplished by coupling the shaft of the variable condenser to a rheostat.  Before doing so, you flow solder over the windings of the rheostat, turning it into an on-off switch.

I suppose this adds a certain level of convenience.  But whatever seconds are gained by not having to disconnect the battery are lost by the set’s having three separate antenna connections.  One connection is for maximum selectivity, another is for maximum sensitivity at the expense of selectivity, and a third is for use with a short antenna.  The antenna switching is done not with a switch, but by manually moving the antenna to a different connector.

Still, it’s an attractive little minimalist set.

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