The young comrade shown here is pulling in the latest bulletins from Moscow thanks to the battery powered receiver he built himself, courtesy of the plans contained in a little booklet entitled, Самодельный батарейный радиоприемник (Homemade Battery Radio), published in 1956 as part of the series Для умелых рук, (For skillful hands).

There are actually three different sets included, both one and two tube models. They appear to cover medium wave (200-500 meters) and long wave (800-2000 meters).

The first set is a one-tube model using a 2К2М tube, shown at left. The single tube serves as regenerative detector, with the switch near the coils switching from mediumwave to longwave.  The second model, shown at the right, uses a second 2К2М as an audio amplifier. The final set, shown below, uses a 1К1П detector and 2П2П audio amplifier. All are apparently designed to run from a БАС-80 battery  supplying filament voltage and 45 volts B+.

I found this web page showing a modern reconstruction of a circuit almost identical to the first one-tube design shown here.  According to the site, the design was originally published by F.I. Tarasov in 1949.  In fact, I see Tarasov’s name cited in this booklet as well.

The main modification seems to be a potentiometer added to adjust the filament voltage, along with a voltmeter to monitor it.  The page is in Russian, but Google translate does an excellent job of translating it.  The video below shows the completed receiver in use, and it appears to be a good performer: